20080915T120000+0000 iptc.org 20001006 topicset.iptc-subjectcode 19 urn:newsml:iptc.org:20001006:topicset.iptc-subjectcode:18 20001030T120000+0000 20080915T120000+0000 01000000 arts, culture and entertainment Matters pertaining to the advancement and refinement of the human mind, of interests, skills, tastes and emotions none 1 1 0 01001000 archaeology Probing the past through ruins and artefacts none 1 1 0 01002000 architecture Designing of buildings, monuments and the spaces around them none 1 1 0 01003000 bullfighting Classical contest pitting man against the bull none 1 1 0 01004000 festive event (including carnival) Parades, parties, celebrations and the like not necessarily tied to a fixed occasion or date none 1 1 0 01005000 cinema Stories related to cinema as art and entertainment none 1 1 0 01005001 film festival Stories about national and international motion pictures festivals, selections, festival juries, nominations, awards etc. none 12 12 0 01006000 dance The expression of emotion or message through movement none 1 1 0 01007000 fashion The design of clothing and accessories none 1 1 0 01007001 jewelry Accessories to clothing none 15 15 0 01008000 language The means by which people communicate with each other none 1 1 0 01009000 library and museum Edifices used to house collections of books, music, art, or objects from the past and present for public use and display none 1 1 0 01010000 literature The use of pamphlets, books or other printed matter to convey ideas, stories or other messages for the public none 1 1 0 01010001 fiction Structured stories that are usually not based on fact but are the creation of the authors imagination none 9 9 0 01010002 poetry The art, structure, forms of poetic expression none 15 15 0 01011000 music Expressing emotion or message through instruments or voice using different sounds, tones, harmonies and the like none 1 1 0 01011001 classical music Music that follows classic structures of rhythm and harmony none 9 9 0 01011002 folk music Music that developed from folk cultures, often based on story-telling none 9 9 0 01011003 jazz music A music of diverse harmonics, often improvised none 9 9 0 01011004 popular music The latest fad in music, generally aimed at the younger generation none 9 9 0 01011005 country music Similar to folk but is unique to the United States and is less about story telling than about loves sought and lost none 9 9 0 01011006 rock and roll music Popular dance music developed in the 1950s none 9 9 0 01011007 hip-hop A contemporary urban music originating in the 1970s. none 19 19 0 01012000 painting Using the mediums of oils, watercolour, pastel, pencils, chalk, crayon etc on various grounds to express emotion or message none 1 1 0 01013000 photography Mechanical means of creating images of objects by use of light and light sensitive materials with chemicals or by digitals means none 1 1 0 01014000 radio Stories related to radio as art and entertainment none 1 1 0 01015000 sculpture Representation of forms in clays, stone, woods, metals or other materials none 1 1 0 01015001 plastic art Forms of hand created art including installations none 15 15 0 01016000 television Stories related to television as art and entertainment none 1 1 0 01016001 soap opera Episodic TV drama or saga, normally aired during daytime none 17 17 0 01017000 theatre Telling of a story or idea through dialogue, music and physical expression in a space or building designed for it none 1 1 0 01017001 music theatre Opera, operetta, music revues etc none 15 15 0 01018000 monument and heritage site Areas containing commemorative objects for historical people or events none 1 1 0 01018001 institution-DEPRECATED Either an established law, practice or system or an organization having a social, religious, educational or similar purpose such as hospital, school, prison DEPRECATED in V 14 - term moved to 04018001 14 14 14 01019000 customs and tradition A particular way of behaving, or observances that have developed over time by a group of people none 1 1 0 01020000 arts (general) The collective expression of message or emotion through music, literature, painting, theatre or other means none 1 1 0 01021000 entertainment (general) The collective use of television, radio, theatre, music and the like for the amusement of people none 1 1 0 01021001 entertainment award Awards for achievement in the entertainment industry, such as the Oscars for film, the Booker Prize for Literature, the Grammys for music, or induction into halls of fame. none 17 17 0 01022000 culture (general) The ideas, customs, arts, skills of a particular group none 1 1 0 01022001 cultural development The history of the development of art and culture such as the rise of cave paintings, pre-Colombian art, Chinese paper-making, anything non-political none 12 12 0 01023000 nightclub A commercial establishment providing music, or other entertainment along with food and drink to selected clientele none 1 1 0 01024000 cartoon Still images such as editorial cartoons and comic strips none 1 1 0 01025000 animation Animation, including full-length and short cinema, artists and merchandising of goods featuring animation characters. none 1 1 0 01026000 mass media Television, radio, magazines, newspapers etc none 9 9 0 01026001 periodicals Written material that is usually published weekly, bi-weekly, monthly or annually for a long time none 9 9 0 01026002 news media Television, wire services, radio that collect facts about incidents, developing and presenting them to audiences as a whole story none 9 9 0 01026003 newspapers Daily or weekly publications that present the day to day history of the world, as well as features, comics etc none 9 9 0 01026004 reviews A critical look at someone else's work, whether film, theatre or writing none 9 9 0 01027000 internet Stories related to Internet as art and entertainment none 11 11 0 01028000 history Issues connected with the past; discoveries, repair, conservation or display of artifacts; anniversaries of historic events none 17 17 0 02000000 crime, law and justice Establishment and/or statement of the rules of behaviour in society, the enforcement of these rules, breaches of the rules and the punishment of offenders. Organizations and bodies involved in these activities. none 1 1 0 02001000 crime Violation of established laws by individuals, companies or organizations none 1 1 0 02001001 homicide Killing of one person by another none 9 9 0 02001002 computer crime Theft or destructive behaviour using a computer none 9 9 0 02001003 theft Unlawful taking none 9 9 0 02001004 drug trafficking Dealing in illicit often harmful substances none 9 9 0 02001005 sexual assault Sexual battery of one sex against another none 12 12 0 02001006 assault (general) Battery, slugfests, brawls and threatening behaviour none 15 15 0 02001007 kidnapping To seize and detain or carry away a person against that person's will by unlawful threat, force or fraud none 15 15 0 02001008 arson Intentional setting of fires with criminal intent none 15 15 0 02001009 gang activity Criminal activities by groups of individuals, usually in urban areas, who are allied by common territories, languages, ethnic backgrounds but generally are loosely organized. none 15 15 0 02001010 terrorism Violence against people to create fear in order to achieve political or ideological objectives none 19 19 0 02002000 judiciary (system of justice) The system set up to deal with crime and those who do them none 1 1 0 02002001 lawyer Anyone legally able to represent another person or entity in a legal matter, such as a lawyer, solicitor, barrister, procurator, notary. none 15 15 0 02002002 judge Members of the bench that sit in judgement none 15 15 0 02002003 court administration Court clerks, bailiffs, stenographers etc. none 15 15 0 02003000 police Agents of the legal system set up enforce the laws none 1 1 0 02003001 law enforcement Agencies involved in attempts to prevent disobedience to established laws, or to bring to justice those that disobey those laws none 9 9 0 02003002 investigation Process of inquiry of a possible crime up to the point of arrest none 12 12 0 02003003 arrest Detention of a suspect of a crime none 12 12 0 02004000 punishment The retribution handed out to those who break the laws none 1 1 0 02004001 fine Monetary punishment none 15 15 0 02004002 execution The carrying out of executions by a government or state, not by extralegal groups/organisations none 18 18 0 02005000 prison Also know as jails, lockups, calaboose, etc. for keeping law breakers from society none 1 1 0 02006000 laws The codification of rules of behaviour none 1 1 0 02006001 criminal The criminal code system none 15 15 0 02006002 civil The civil code system none 15 15 0 02007000 justice and rights The equitable administration of laws and regulations none 1 1 0 02007001 civil rights Rights of individuals under civil law none 9 9 0 02008000 trials The process by which guilt or innocence, or right or wrong is determined and adjudged none 1 1 0 02008001 litigation Taking disputed issues to court for settlement by judge and/or jury none 9 9 0 02008002 arbitration Resolution of disputed issues by a neutral panel none 9 9 0 02008003 court preliminary Pre-trial events including pleas, bail, motions, discovery, depositions. none 12 12 0 02009000 prosecution Stories regarding activities and investigations by public prosecutors. none 1 1 0 02009001 defendant The person on trial none 12 12 0 02009002 witness A person who testifies none 12 12 0 02010000 organized crime Crimes committed by gangs or criminal groups. none 1 1 0 02011000 international law The system of laws embraced by all nations, such as the Geneva Convention, the International Law of the Seas, etc. none 1 1 0 02011001 international court or tribunal The activities of international tribunals such as European court for human rights, Hague tribunal, International Court of Justice etc none 11 11 0 02011002 extradition Legal transfer of criminals or suspects between countries none 15 15 0 02012000 corporate crime Misdeeds of corporations and corporate officers none 1 1 0 02012001 fraud Intentional deception that causes others to give up rights or property none 1 1 0 02012002 embezzlement The intentional theft of money left in one's care none 1 1 0 02012003 restraint of trade Interference in free competition in business and trade none 1 1 0 02012004 breach of contract Rupture of legal agreements between companies, and with customers none 1 1 0 02012005 anti-trust crime Violations of laws against monopolies none 1 1 0 02012006 corruption General business misbehaviour none 15 15 0 02012007 bribery Payments or benefits to influence the outcome of a legal case none 15 15 0 02013000 war crime Crimes committed during a war or armed conflict, usually against civilians or POW's, including the prosecution of such crimes none 11 11 0 02014000 inquest Formal investigation of sudden or unexpected death and the hearing to decide cause of death. none 17 17 0 02015000 inquiry Formal hearing involving a disaster, political event etc. Eg rail crash, drug prescription scandal. none 17 17 0 02016000 tribunal Formal hearing usually involving employment issues, property etc. none 17 17 0 03000000 disaster and accident Man made and natural events resulting in loss of life or injury to living creatures and/or damage to inanimate objects or property. none 1 1 0 03001000 drought A severe lack of water over a period of time none 1 1 0 03002000 earthquake The shifting of the tectonic plates of the Earth, creating in some cases damage to structures none 1 1 0 03003000 famine Severe lack of food for a large population none 1 1 0 03004000 fire Ignition and consumption of materials through a combination of high heat and oxygen none 1 1 0 03005000 flood Surfeit of water, caused by heavy rains or melting snow, usually in places where it's not wanted none 1 1 0 03006000 industrial accident A mishap in a factory, a shop or an office, potentially harmful to humans none 1 1 0 03006001 structural failures When a building, bridge or other structures collapse because of unexpected forces or poor design none 9 9 0 03007000 meteorological disaster A weather-related disaster none 1 1 0 03007001 windstorms A storm of high velocity but non-hurricane force movements of air with little or no rain or hail. Often highly destructive none 9 9 0 03008000 nuclear accident A mishap involving radioactive materials none 1 1 0 03009000 pollution Emissions of unwanted materials in areas where it can be harmful none 1 1 0 03010000 transport accident An accident involving one or more vehicles none 1 1 0 03010001 road accident Accidents on roads. none 1 1 0 03010002 railway accident Accidents involving trains. none 1 1 0 03010003 air and space accident Accidents involving craft in air or space. none 1 1 0 03010004 maritime accident Accidents involving marine vessels. none 1 1 0 03011000 volcanic eruption A rupture in the skin of the Earth allowing molten material to escape to the surface none 1 1 0 03012000 relief and aid organisation Organizations set up to provide help to those in need because of lack of food, water or shelter none 1 1 0 03013000 accident (general) Any unplanned event that causes unwanted consequences none 1 1 0 03014000 emergency incident A sudden, unexpected event that requires immediate action none 1 1 0 03014001 explosion Sudden eruptions, usually of chemical substances none 15 15 0 03015000 disaster (general) Serious or sudden misfortune none 1 1 0 03015001 natural disasters Destructive incidents caused by the very nature of nature -- hurricanes, earthquakes, floods etc none 9 9 0 03015002 avalanche/landslide Sudden dislodging of massive amounts of snow or soil. none 15 15 0 03016000 emergency planning Planning for actions to deal with sudden, unplanned events none 1 1 0 03017000 rescue An operation to save people, animals or property from harm or danger. none 17 17 0 04000000 economy, business and finance All matters concerning the planning, production and exchange of wealth. none 1 1 0 04001000 agriculture The process of producing natural materials for consumption none 1 1 0 04001001 arable farming Production of food in the ground none 1 1 0 04001002 fishing industry Raising or gathering of fish none 1 1 0 04001003 forestry and timber Production and collection and preparation of wood products for future use none 1 1 0 04001004 livestock farming Raising of animals for food none 1 1 0 04001005 viniculture Production of wines from the vines to the finish products none 1 1 0 04001006 aquaculture Growing plants or animals in water for human consumption none 15 15 0 04002000 chemicals Natural or manmade materials used to produce other materials none 1 1 0 04002001 biotechnology The business of using engineering technology to study and solved problems of living organisms none 1 1 0 04002002 fertiliser Natural or manmade materials used to encourage the growth of plants none 1 1 0 04002003 health and beauty product Compilation of chemicals and other substances for use in enhancing ones looks or smell none 1 1 0 04002004 inorganic chemical The branch of chemistry dealing with minerals and metals none 1 1 0 04002005 organic chemical The branch of chemistry dealing with human, animal or carbon-based substances none 1 1 0 04002006 pharmaceutical The production of medicines from various chemicals and natural substances none 1 1 0 04002007 synthetic and plastic Chemicals used to produce plastics and other artificial substances to be used in manufacturing none 1 1 0 04003000 computing and information technology Anything to do with the computing and/or transmission of information from one point to another. none 1 1 0 04003001 hardware The physical devices used to provide computer services, such as monitors, hard drives, keyboards etc. but can also be used for equipment such as routers, servers and other network devices. none 1 1 0 04003002 networking The interconnectivity between hardware that provides the medium for the transmission of data. none 1 1 0 04003003 satellite technology Hardware and software that enables groundbased devices to send signals to each other via an orbiting satellite. none 1 1 0 04003004 semiconductors and active components The basic components that together create working electronic devices such as computers none 1 1 0 04003005 software Programming sets that, when installed on hardware, perform specified functions. none 1 1 0 04003006 telecommunication equipment Devices such as telephone sets, voice/data switches, modems etc that facilitate point-to-point voice/data transmissions none 1 1 0 04003007 telecommunication service Services provided by commercial companies that facilitate connections between telephones, pagers, computers typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 04003008 security To encompass technical developments in hardware and software, basic research and related areas such as cyber security none 1 1 0 04003009 wireless technology Transmission of information through means other than point-to-point wired hookups none 15 15 0 04004000 construction and property All items pertaining to the construction and sale of property none 1 1 0 04004001 heavy construction Large scale construction projects, construction of roads, dams, office/factory buildings, offshore and onshore structures, large sport stadiums Explanation changed in V 15 15 1 0 04004002 house building Construction of residences, for private use none 1 1 0 04004003 real estate The buying and selling of properties of all types none 1 1 0 04004004 farms Agricultural areas for the production of foodstuffs, including dairy products, fruits and livestock, such as cattle and fish none 9 9 0 04004005 land price The price of land in specific zoned areas such as commercial, residential arable as provided by a responsible body In Japan, government publishes lists of standard land prices every year as an economic barometer and Newspapers take up with a lot of space. 12 12 0 04004006 renovation Restoring properties/structures to a former better state by cleaning, repairing or rebuilding. none 15 15 0 04004007 design and engineering Design and planning by Engineers, Architects etc. of roads, offices, factories, dams , offshore structures, none 15 15 0 04005000 energy and resource Production of electrical power, and the water, air, sunlight, and fuels used to produce them none 1 1 0 04005001 alternative energy Stories about the alternative energy business none 1 1 0 04005002 coal Production and mining of anthracite and bituminous products for use in power production none 1 1 0 04005003 oil and gas - downstream activities All matters concerning oil and gas, typically refining and distribution activities none 1 1 0 04005004 oil and gas - upstream activities All matters concerning oil and gas, typically supply chain activities from the reservoir to the refinery gate none 1 1 0 04005005 nuclear power Use of radioactive materials for power production none 1 1 0 04005006 electricity production and distribution Primarily concerning the power line distribution system, but also the sale of electrical power at wholesale and retail levels none 1 1 0 04005007 waste management and pollution control Stories about the business of waste management and pollution control none 1 1 0 04005008 water supply Stories about the business of providing water for human use none 1 1 0 04005009 natural resources (general) Articles about the general use of natural resources for business purposes, not focused on specific resources such as coal, oil, gas or water none 1 1 0 04005010 energy (general) Articles about the energy industry, not focused on any specific sector none 1 1 0 04005011 natural gas A natural resource, mainly methane in an flammable gaseous state, from the ground none 12 12 0 04005012 petrol Distilled petroleum product used for automotive fuel, with or without additives none 12 12 0 04005013 diesel fuel A distilled petroleum product heavier than gasoline used not only for trucks, marine engines, but in certain forms for home heating none 12 12 0 04005014 kerosene/paraffin A light petroleum distillate used for cooking fuel, aircraft jet engines, lamps, heating and cleaning none 12 12 0 04006000 financial and business service Services that transmit, safeguard, keep track of money or provide backup to commercial enterprises none 1 1 0 04006001 accountancy and auditing Services provide balance sheet, budgets reconciliation and examine accuracy of financial statements none 1 1 0 04006002 banking Services for storing, transmitting, receiving and delivery of cash moneys none 1 1 0 04006003 consultancy service Providers of expert knowledge in a wide range of fields usually on a temporary, contract basis none 1 1 0 04006004 employment agency A service helping people find jobs, and companies to find workers none 1 1 0 04006005 healthcare provider Providers of medical services at all levels, including doctors, hospitals etc none 1 1 0 04006006 insurance A risk taking venture that allows individuals to pay small amounts periodically to guard financially against unexpected events none 1 1 0 04006007 legal service Lawyers and others who help companies and individuals deal with state, federal and local laws none 1 1 0 04006008 market research A service that tries to determine what people want to buy none 1 1 0 04006009 stock broking The buying and selling of company shares on behalf of individuals or other entities none 1 1 0 04006010 personal investing Personal finance and investment none 1 1 0 04006011 market trend Statistically significant consumer behaviour. none 1 1 0 04006012 shipping service Companies that prepare and transport packages and documents for individuals or companies by any means, including postal services. none 1 1 0 04006013 personal service Consumer service that is intangible e.g. beauty care as in hairdressing none 1 1 0 04006014 janitorial service Companies that provide cleaning and similar services for homes and businesses. none 1 1 0 04006015 funeral parlour and crematorium Companies that provide services for disposal of the dead none 1 1 0 04006016 rental service Companies which provide rentals, including motor vehicles, tuxedos, tools, heavy equipment, and other supplies none 1 1 0 04006017 wedding service Services and products related to the wedding industry none 1 1 0 04006018 personal finance An individual's income and expenses none 9 9 0 04006019 personal income Money that a person earns and is his/hers to keep or spend none 9 9 0 04006020 auction service Sales by bidding none 15 15 0 04006021 printing/promotional service Production of printed matter such as flyers, ads, signs etc none 15 15 0 04006022 investment service Financial advisers, as opposed to stock dealers or consultants none 15 15 0 04007000 consumer goods Items produced for and sold to individuals none 1 1 0 04007001 clothing Items of apparel to wear none 1 1 0 04007002 department store Stores largely devoted to the sale of clothing to individuals none 1 1 0 04007003 food Fruits, vegetables, breads, meats for human consumption none 1 1 0 04007004 mail order Items sold through and delivered by mail none 1 1 0 04007005 retail The last stage in the sales chain none 1 1 0 04007006 speciality store Retail outlets that specialize in categories such as shoes, coats, power tools, etc none 1 1 0 04007007 wholesale The first link in the sales chain after production none 1 1 0 04007008 beverage Liquid consumables, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic none 1 1 0 04007009 electronic commerce Buying and selling items through the Internet none 1 1 0 04007010 luxury good Leather bags, jewellery, haute couture, accessories etc none 1 1 0 04007011 non-durable good Lighters, pens and stationery, tableware, watches, glasses etc none 1 1 0 04007012 toy Children's plaything none 15 15 0 04008000 macro economics Broad scale economics and the world or national level none 1 1 0 04008001 central bank A country's major bank that sets interest rates, and provides transfer of funds between commercial banks none 1 1 0 04008002 consumer issue Those issues, such as prices, inflation/deflation, quality of goods, at the retail sales level none 1 1 0 04008003 debt market Market for trading debt instruments such as bonds, CDs, bankers acceptances, T bills, notes, IOUs etc none 1 1 0 04008004 economic indicator Certain indexes, such as company inventories, the movement of prices that show whether the economy is improving or declining none 1 1 0 04008005 emerging market Those markets that are struggling to enter the world economies and those requiring financial help from international lenders none 1 1 0 04008006 foreign exchange market The trading of shekels, dinars, euros dollars etc around the world through regulated markets none 1 1 0 04008007 government aid Supply of financial and other help by one government, usually to another none 1 1 0 04008008 government debt The amount a government owes on bonds, services and for goods and services for which it has no ready cash none 1 1 0 04008009 interest rate The amount of money one must pay to borrow money none 1 1 0 04008010 international economic institution Entities such as UNIDO, World Bank, World Trade Organization, the Import-Expert Bank etc that deals at a world level none 1 1 0 04008011 international (foreign) trade Trade of goods and services between nations none 1 1 0 04008012 loan market The market where money is available to borrow, at certain rates of interest none 1 1 0 04008013 economic organization Business, industrial and trade associations, societies and other private-sector groups. none 1 1 0 04008014 consumer confidence Reports on consumer confidence in the economy. none 1 1 0 04008015 trade dispute International dispute over trade barriers, cartels, dumping etc. none 1 1 0 04008016 inflation and deflation An increase in the amount of money in circulation and thereby a rise in prices; deflation, tighter monetary policy causing lower prices none 9 9 0 04008017 prices The monetary value of goods, services or stocks and bonds none 9 9 0 04008018 currency values The value of one currency as measured against another none 9 9 0 04008019 budgets and budgeting A method of balancing revenues against expenses none 9 9 0 04008020 credit and debt Credit: the amount of money available to you, often by loan. Debt, the amount you owe. none 9 9 0 04008021 loans An agreement by one individual or institution to temporarily disperse money to another, with an agreed rate and time for its return none 9 9 0 04008022 mortgages The loan of money for the purpose of purchasing a property, whether land or building. Or, for homeowners to repair or maintain properties, often based on owner equity in a property none 9 9 0 04008023 financial markets Institutions set up to trade the shares or other financial paper of companies or other organizations, can also include currency trading none 9 9 0 04008024 commodity markets The bartering or trading of goods such as cotton, oil, coal, metals, etc none 9 9 0 04008025 investments Speculative purchases of corporate instruments, of commodities, currencies, or parts thereof none 9 9 0 04008026 stocks Corporate paper that gives an individual an ownership right to a part of a company's earnings none 9 9 0 04008027 bonds Corporate or governmental paper representing the loan of money at a fixed rate and for a fixed time to that company or government none 9 9 0 04008028 mutual funds Pools of shares or bonds for sale often grouped by investment intention, such as growth, income or security none 9 9 0 04008029 derivative securities Financial instruments such as futures, swaps and options, used for risk management, whose characteristics and value depend upon the characteristics and value of an underlying instrument, such as a commodity, bond, equity or currency. none 9 9 0 04008030 imports What is bought abroad and brought into a country for resale none 9 9 0 04008031 exports What is produced or manufactured in your country and sent and sold elsewhere none 9 9 0 04008032 trade agreements Government level agreements between countries for the sale and purchase of goods and services none 9 9 0 04008033 trade policy Governmental decisions on tariffs, shipping, embargoes, and the types or kinds of goods and services to be imported and exported none 9 9 0 04008034 business enterprises Organizations set up usually for profit-making purposes by creating and selling a product or service none 9 9 0 04008035 tariff Fees placed on goods imported or exported, often punitive none 15 15 0 04008036 trade balance The difference between the financial value of imports and exports none 15 15 0 04009000 market and exchange Organized entities for buying and selling stocks, currencies, commodities and other goods none 1 1 0 04009001 energy Stories related to energy trading and markets none 1 1 0 04009002 metal Markets for trading base metals such as copper, aluminium, steel, zinc etc none 1 1 0 04009003 securities Markets for trading types of company paper such as stocks and bonds none 1 1 0 04009004 soft commodity Trading in commodities such as cotton, sugar, sorghum, soybeans etc. none 1 1 0 04010000 media The various means of disseminating news and information to the public none 1 1 0 04010001 advertising Methods of promoting goods and service to consumers through video, graphics, print text etc none 1 1 0 04010002 book The business of producing and selling bound media, whether fiction or non-fiction none 1 1 0 04010003 cinema industry Stories related to the business of cinema none 1 1 0 04010004 news agency Commercial agencies for production and distribution of newsworthy events through print, broadcast, video or electronic media none 1 1 0 04010005 newspaper and magazine The business of producing bound and unbound printed paper products for periodic distribution of news items none 1 1 0 04010006 online The business of distributing news and information through computer networks for public consumption none 1 1 0 04010007 public relation The job of promoting products and services through advertising campaigns and/or through person-to-person contact or through news releases none 1 1 0 04010008 radio industry Stories related to the business of radio none 1 1 0 04010009 satellite and cable service The business of transmitting of news, entertainment and information via satellite or cable television services none 1 1 0 04010010 television industry Stories related to the business of television none 1 1 0 04010011 music industry Recording, production, marketing of music none 12 12 0 04011000 manufacturing and engineering Manufacturers of electrical, electronic and mechanical equipment but does not cover civil engineering. Name changed, Explanation added in V 15 15 1 0 04011001 aerospace Companies that assemble or manufacture components for airplanes and space ships. Explanation added in V 15 15 15 0 04011002 automotive equipment Companies that produce components for automobiles Explanation added in V 15 15 15 0 04011003 defence equipment Manufacturers of guns, tanks, cannons, ships etc for the military and non-military protection services Explanation added in V 15 15 15 0 04011004 electrical appliance Makers of large and small electrical goods for use in homes or business Explanation added in V 15 15 15 0 04011005 heavy engineering Manufacturers of cranes, bulldozers and the like for use in major construction projects Explanation added in V 15 15 15 0 04011006 industrial component Manufacturers of mechanical, electrical, electronic items needed in the manufacture of other items Explanation added in V 15 15 15 0 04011007 instrument engineering Manufacturers of instruments for calibration, measurement of things like speed, pressure, distance Explanation added in V 15 15 15 0 04011008 shipbuilding Manufacturers of ships, submarines, barges. Explanation added in V 15 15 15 0 04011009 machine manufacturing Manufacturers of turbines, engines, fans , pumps , motors and components for powered equipment. Explanation added in V 15 15 15 0 04012000 metal and mineral Production and refining of ores into metals none 1 1 0 04012001 building material Manufacture of materials like wallboard, lumber wiring for the building industry none 1 1 0 04012002 gold and precious material Mining, refining and sales of gold and other precious metals none 1 1 0 04012003 iron and steel Mining, refining and sales of iron-based metals none 1 1 0 04012004 non ferrous metal Mining, refining and sales of copper, zinc, aluminium, and other metals not based on iron none 1 1 0 04012005 mining The industry of digging for metals, raw materials such as coal, or precious gems such as diamonds none 1 1 0 04013000 process industry The business of turning raw materials into useable products none 1 1 0 04013001 distiller and brewer Manufacture of alcoholic beverages none 1 1 0 04013002 food The business of processing, distributing and selling for basic human consumption none 1 1 0 04013003 furnishings and furniture Manufacture of furniture, wallpaper, paints and fabrics for interior decoration none 1 1 0 04013004 paper and packaging product Production of paper material for writing, wrapping, printing, or packaging none 1 1 0 04013005 rubber product Production of rubber based materials for gloves, protective coatings, hoses and the like none 1 1 0 04013006 soft drinks Production of non-alcoholic drinks none 1 1 0 04013007 textile and clothing Production of fabrics for furnishings and fixtures, and for clothing of various types none 1 1 0 04013008 tobacco Growing, producing and sale of tobacco products none 1 1 0 04014000 tourism and leisure Stories about the tourism and leisure industries none 1 1 0 04014001 casino and gambling The business of providing outlets for various games of chance using cards, dice, spinning wheels to betting on animal races none 1 1 0 04014002 hotel and accommodation The business of providing food and shelter to travellers none 1 1 0 04014003 recreational and sporting goods Manufacture of goods for leisure activities none 1 1 0 04014004 restaurant and catering The business of providing prepared foods for customers in groups large and small none 1 1 0 04014005 tour operator Operators of trips either locally, as around town, or to other countries none 1 1 0 04015000 transport The means of getting from one place to the other without walking none 1 1 0 04015001 air transport Airplane and airport operations none 1 1 0 04015002 railway The business of transporting people or cargo by rail none 1 1 0 04015003 road transport The business of transport goods by trucks and highways none 1 1 0 04015004 waterway and maritime transport Commercial movement of people or goods via boats, ships and water none 1 1 0 04016000 company information Information about individual companies or business entities none 1 1 0 04016001 accounting and audit Changes in choice of auditing firm. Reports on impact of changes in GAAP. none 1 1 0 04016002 annual and special corporate meeting Announcements of upcoming meetings. Reports on meetings. none 1 1 0 04016003 annual report Stories regarding availability or contents of annual company reports. none 1 1 0 04016004 antitrust issue Stories regarding antitrust activities, monopoly regulation, etc. none 1 1 0 04016005 merger, acquisition and takeover News on mergers, takeovers or acquisitions. none 1 1 0 04016006 analysts' comment Stories containing stock analyst comments, analysis and recommendations. none 1 1 0 04016007 bankruptcy News about actual bankruptcy filings. none 1 1 0 04016008 board of directors (appointment and change) News regarding appointments to or changes in the board of directors for a company. none 1 1 0 04016009 buyback News regarding stock buyback programs. This should be kept distinct from Stock Activity (see below). none 1 1 0 04016010 C.E.O. interview Interviews with Chief Executive Officers. none 1 1 0 04016011 corporate officer Appointments or changes in corporate officers. none 1 1 0 04016012 corporate profile Stories that contain descriptive profiles of companies. none 1 1 0 04016013 contract News about commercial contracts. none 1 1 0 04016014 defence contract The award of government contracts for defence related activity. none 1 1 0 04016015 dividend announcement Announcements regarding the disbursement of dividends. none 1 1 0 04016016 earnings forecast Analyst prediction of company earnings. none 1 1 0 04016017 financially distressed company News that a company is financially distressed - not yet having filed for bankruptcy. none 1 1 0 04016018 earnings Any release of earnings results. none 1 1 0 04016019 financing and stock offering Stories regarding new offerings of equity including initial public offerings. none 1 1 0 04016020 government contract The award of government contracts not related to defence activity none 1 1 0 04016021 global expansion Planned or actual openings of offices in countries for the first time. none 1 1 0 04016022 insider trading Reports on the purchase or sales of stock by corporate officers or board members. none 1 1 0 04016023 joint venture News regarding joint ventures between companies. (Not marketing related - see Marketing.) none 1 1 0 04016024 leveraged buyout News about leveraged buyouts. none 1 1 0 04016025 layoffs and downsizing Planned or actual reductions in the labour force. none 1 1 0 04016026 licensing agreement Stories about licensing agreements between companies. none 1 1 0 04016027 litigation and regulation Stories regarding corporate law including litigation and regulations. none 1 1 0 04016028 management change Major appointments or changes in management below the level of corporate officer. none 1 1 0 04016029 marketing Includes news regarding joint marketing agreements between companies, adoption of new product marketing strategies, etc. none 1 1 0 04016030 new product Announcements of new products. none 1 1 0 04016031 patent, copyright and trademark News related to patents, copyright and trademarks. none 1 1 0 04016032 plant closing Announcements of planned or actual plant closings. none 1 1 0 04016033 plant opening Announcements of planned or actual plant openings. none 1 1 0 04016034 privatisation Stories regarding the privatisation (privatisation) of state run companies. none 1 1 0 04016035 proxy filing Filings with regulatory agencies of proxy statements for upcoming shareholder votes. none 1 1 0 04016036 rating Corporate and sovereign debt and credit ratings (e.g. SandP or Moody's) none 1 1 0 04016037 research and development News about research and expenditure on new product development. none 1 1 0 04016038 quarterly or semiannual financial statement Stories regarding the availability or contents of quarterly or semi-annual corporate reports. none 1 1 0 04016039 restructuring and recapitalisation Stories involving the sale of company units, splits of existing companies into units under a holding company, etc. none 1 1 0 04016040 spin-off Stories regarding the creation of new companies being spun off from existing companies. none 1 1 0 04016041 stock activity Announcements of major stock events: splits, block trades, new highs or lows, etc. none 1 1 0 04016042 industrial production Manufacture of durable and non-durable goods none 9 9 0 04016043 productivity The cost of labour to produce an item of value, often measured as output per hour per person none 9 9 0 04016044 inventories Goods not sold and held by the producer, wholesaler or retailer none 9 9 0 04016045 sales Either the exchange of goods for money, or the practice of discounting prices to increase the amount of goods sold, or to get rid of outdated merchandise none 9 9 0 04016046 corporations Business enterprises formally licensed with boards of directors and hierarchical structures of governance none 9 9 0 04016047 shareholders Anyone holding a piece of paper issued by a company which changes in value and entitles them to dividends depending on the performance of the company none 9 9 0 04016048 corporate performance How well a company performs, measured by its net earnings, its dividends its earnings per share and price/earnings ratio none 9 9 0 04016049 losses When expenses exceed revenue none 9 9 0 04016050 credit ratings Formal statements by certain rating agencies such as Standard and Poor's on the investment risk of a company, a country or enterprise none 9 9 0 04016051 stock splits Issuing multiple shares for one share of stock. Usually occurs when the price of a stock has increased so much that its purchase price is not attractive. A reverse split is when one share is issued for multiple shares, to raise the per share value. none 9 9 0 04016052 stock options An agreement to either buy or sell a stock when it meets a certain price none 9 9 0 04016053 recalls (products) A decision by a company to take back or repair a defective product none 9 9 0 04016054 globalization Doing business around the world none 9 9 0 04016055 consumers Buyers of goods and services none 9 9 0 04016056 purchase Items that companies buy, such as raw materials, office supplies etc. none 15 15 0 04016057 new service New services added by a company, such as new flight routes, etc. none 15 15 0 04017000 economy (general) Content of a general nature about trade and the economy none 1 1 0 04017001 economic policy Government directed policy on production, taxes, tariffs and things that affect the direction and health of the economy none 9 9 0 04018000 business (general) Content of a general nature about business none 1 1 0 04018001 institution Either an established law, practice or system or an organization having a social, religious, educational or similar purpose such as hospital, school, prison was 01018001 14 14 0 04019000 finance (general) Content of a general nature about finance none 1 1 0 04019001 money and monetary policy Government bank directed policy on the amount of money in circulation and the rate at which it can be loaned none 9 9 0 05000000 education All aspects of furthering knowledge of human individuals from birth to death. none 1 1 0 05001000 adult education Education provided for older students outside the usual age groups of 5-25 none 1 1 0 05002000 further education Any form of education beyond basic education of several levels none 1 1 0 05003000 parent organisation Groups of parents set up to support schools none 1 1 0 05004000 preschool Education for children under the national compulsory education age none 1 1 0 05005000 school A building or institution in which education of various sorts is provided none 1 1 0 05005001 elementary schools Schools usually of a level from kindergarten through 11 or 12 years of age none 9 9 0 05005002 middle schools Transitional school between elementary and high school, 12 through 13 years of age none 9 9 0 05005003 high schools Pre-college/ university level education, 14 to 17 or 18 years of age, called freshman, sophomore, junior and senior none 9 9 0 05006000 teachers union Organization of teachers for collective bargaining and other purposes none 1 1 0 05007000 university Institutions of higher learning capable of providing doctorate degrees none 1 1 0 05008000 upbringing Lessons learned from parents and others as one grows up none 1 1 0 05009000 entrance examination Exams for entering colleges, universities, junior and senior high schools, and all other higher and lower education institutes, including cram schools, which help students prepare for exams for entry to prestigious schools. none 1 1 0 05010000 teaching and learning Either end of the education equation none 9 9 0 05010001 students People of any age in a structured environment, not necessarily a classroom, in order to learn something none 9 9 0 05010002 teachers People with knowledge who can impart that knowledge to others none 9 9 0 05010003 curriculum The courses offered by a learning institution and the regulation of those courses none 9 9 0 05010004 test/examination A measurement of student accomplishment none 12 12 0 05011000 religious education Instruction by any faith, in that faith or about other faiths, usually, but not always, conducted in schools run by religious bodies none 12 12 0 05011001 parochial school A school run by the Roman Catholic faith none 12 12 0 05011002 seminary A school of any faith specifically designed to train ministers none 12 12 0 05011003 yeshiva A school for training rabbis none 12 12 0 05011004 madrasa A school for teaching Islam none 12 12 0 06000000 environmental issue All aspects of protection, damage, and condition of the ecosystem of the planet earth and its surroundings. none 1 1 0 06001000 renewable energy Stories about the environmental impact of renewable energy, including solar, wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal none 1 1 0 06002000 conservation Stories about preservation of wilderness areas, flora and fauna, including species extinction none 1 1 0 06002001 endangered species Those species of wildlife in danger of disappearing, largely because of changes in environment, hunting, or weather none 9 9 0 06002002 ecosystem A system of plants, animals and bacteria interrelated in its physical/chemical environment none 15 15 0 06003000 energy saving Conservation of electrical, and other power sources none 1 1 0 06004000 environmental politics The debate on environmental policy none 1 1 0 06005000 environmental pollution Corruption of air, water, land etc. by harmful substances none 1 1 0 06005001 air pollution Solid or gaseous matter affecting the quality of air that we breathe none 9 9 0 06005002 water pollution Solids or liquids that corrupt the quality of water that could be used for drinking or irrigation none 9 9 0 06006000 natural resources Stories about the environmental issues related to the exploitation of natural resources for human use none 1 1 0 06006001 land resources That portion of a nation or state that is above water and available for development either for profit or for the general good of the public none 9 9 0 06006002 parks Areas set aside and developed for public enjoyment and recreation, including commercial development such as theme parks none 9 9 0 06006003 forests Open areas of trees either available for public enjoyment, or for commercial purposes none 9 9 0 06006004 wetlands Areas generally marshy and not either under water or dry land. Often related to aquifers for water quality and/or wildlife none 9 9 0 06006005 mountains Elevated land masses formed over the ages either by erosion, volcanic eruption, or movement of massive geographical formations called plates none 9 9 0 06006006 rivers Moving water areas bounded by land that extend from earth sources and meander through land areas to join with other water areas. In smaller forms they are creeks, rivulets, streams etc none 9 9 0 06006007 oceans Salt water masses separating continents or other major geographical masses. smaller forms are seas or lakes or ponds none 9 9 0 06006008 wildlife All forms of animal life that have not been domesticated none 9 9 0 06006009 energy resources Such resources as coal, gas, wind, sunlight etc., used to generate heat, electricity and power none 9 9 0 06007000 nature Taken as a whole the natural environment of flora and fauna none 1 1 0 06007001 invasive species Non-native plants, animals and other organisms that tend to take over native species none 15 15 0 06008000 population People and their growth and development within a natural setting none 1 1 0 06009000 waste Stories about the environmental impact of waste, including recycling efforts none 1 1 0 06010000 water Stories concerning environmental issues about bodies of water, including oceans, lakes, streams and reservoirs, as well as ice, glaciers and forms of precipitation none 1 1 0 06011000 global warming This category includes all issues relating to global warming including temperature research, remote sensing on temperature trends, debate on global warming, ways to reduce emissions and carbon trading. none 1 1 0 06012000 hazardous materials Materials that are harmful to humans or animals if they are exposed to them. Includes radiation, poison gases, chemicals, heavy metals, PCBs, and certain plant products none 9 9 0 06013000 environmental cleanup Processes whereby contaminated areas are cleaned of hazardous materials so they can be inhabited again by either people or animals. none 9 9 0 07000000 health All aspects pertaining to the physical and mental welfare of human beings. none 1 1 0 07001000 disease Any harmful or destructive condition none 1 1 0 07001001 communicable diseases Diseases that can be transmitted from one person or animal to another none 9 9 0 07001002 virus diseases Diseases caused by infection within cells by viruses none 9 9 0 07001003 AIDS Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome, an incurable disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus none 9 9 0 07001004 cancer A serious and often fatal disease caused when normal cells mutate into tumours none 9 9 0 07001005 heart disease A degenerative and serious disease caused by narrowing of the arteries feeding the heart none 9 9 0 07001006 alzheimer's disease A disorder of the brain leading to dementia none 9 9 0 07001007 animal diseases Disorders affecting animals that do not necessarily endanger humans none 9 9 0 07001008 plant diseases Disorders affecting plants caused either by parasites or environmental factors none 9 9 0 07001009 retrovirus A family of RNA viruses such as those causing leukaemia and AIDS typo fixed in Explanation 17 15 0 07002000 epidemic and plague An epidemic is a rapidly spreading condition in a community and a plague is usually a deadly disease of epidemic proportions none 1 1 0 07003000 health treatment In general treatment of diseases and other conditions to produce wellness none 1 1 0 07003001 prescription drugs Drugs that can be purchased only with a doctor's authorization none 9 9 0 07003002 dietary supplements Nutrients taken in addition to food to bolster health none 9 9 0 07003003 diet Controlled food consumption none 15 15 0 07003004 medical procedure/test Any of a variety of treatments such as stress tests, catheterization, blood tests, computerised axial tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging typo fixed in Explanation 17 15 0 07003005 therapy Treatment of physical, mental or medical conditions by non-surgical means typo fixed in Explanation 17 15 0 07004000 health organisations Includes stories about specific health organizations, including professional associations, non-profits and international groups none 1 1 0 07005000 medical research Investigation into the causes and cures of diseases none 1 1 0 07006000 medical staff Doctors, nurses, interns and others in a medical facility none 1 1 0 07006001 primary care physician Patient's basic health care doctor - first point of call for all health related problems none 17 17 0 07006002 health-workers union Issues involving industry groups for doctors, nurses, health workers etc. none 17 17 0 07007000 medicine A substance used with the expectation that it will eliminate disease or illness none 1 1 0 07007001 herbal Treatment based on the use of herbs and other plants to cure or alleviate disease symptoms none 1 1 0 07007002 holistic Treatment of the whole person including mental and social factors rather than just the symptoms of the disease. none 1 1 0 07007003 western The practice of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease based on modern scientific research in the western hemisphere. none 1 1 0 07007004 traditional Chinese The practice of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease based on traditional methods developed in the orient. none 1 1 0 07008000 preventative medicine Substances used to prevent diseases or illnesses none 1 1 0 07008001 vaccines Medications designed to create immunity to diseases none 9 9 0 07009000 injury A traumatic condition of the human body caused usually by outside forces none 1 1 0 07010000 hospital and clinic Medical facilities for the treatment of illnesses and injury none 1 1 0 07011000 government health care Health care provided by national governments none 1 1 0 07011001 medicare A program of the U.S. government to provide health care to senior citizens none 9 9 0 07011002 medicaid A program of the U.S. government to provide health care to needy citizens of all ages none 9 9 0 07012000 private health care Health care provided by privately funded or insured organizations none 1 1 0 07013000 healthcare policy Health-related policy decisions including what different countries are doing regarding prescription drug policies, AIDS, psychiatric care, health care funding and related topics. none 1 1 0 07013001 food safety Issues relating to food cleanliness and contamination none 9 9 0 07014000 medical specialisation The different medical specialist areas. none 1 1 0 07014001 geriatric Research into aging and age-related issues including age-related illnesses, medical research, trends, geriatric medicine and related topics like age discrimination and health insurance for an ageing population. none 1 1 0 07014002 pediatrics Research and medicine specifically for the young - includes premature babies, infant care, childhood disease and treatment - also teen-related health and behaviour problems. none 1 1 0 07014003 reproduction This would include reproductive technologies like invitro fertilization and cloning as well as related debates. Sexual development matters and sexually transmitted diseases would also fall under this category. none 1 1 0 07014004 genetics The science and research into genetic-base disease and cures for disease. This would include proteomics (the study of what proteins are produced by which genes and what those proteins do), general genetics and stem-cell research. none 1 1 0 07014005 obstetrics/gynecology Specialty of female reproductive organs none 15 15 0 07015000 medical service medical support for doctors, including blood tests and other medical tests on individuals, X-rays CAT scans MRIs etc. none 1 1 0 07016000 physical fitness The condition of a person's cardio-vascular and muscular health. none 9 9 0 07017000 illness Non-specific maladies such as stomach aches, headaches, flat feet, lumbago none 12 12 0 07017001 mental illness Those illnesses affecting the mind none 15 15 0 07017002 eating disorder Anorexia, bulimia, overeating and similar illnesses none 15 15 0 07017003 obesity A condition of body weight generally considered 20 percent above the norm for gender, age, height and bone structure none 15 15 0 07018000 medical conditions Various stages of disease, illness or injury none 15 15 0 07019000 patient Issues which affect population in general as attendees at hospitals or doctors' surgeries. none 17 17 0 08000000 human interest Lighter items about individuals, groups, animals or objects. none 1 1 0 08001000 animal Stories involving animals of all types none 1 1 0 08002000 curiosity Stories of an unusual nature that can raise questions or amuse none 1 1 0 08003000 people Unusual stories about people of all levels none 1 1 0 08003001 advice Letters and answers about personal problems that are publishable none 1 1 0 08003002 celebrity News about celebrities, i.e. Madonna has a baby, Elton John sues his accountants etc. none 1 1 0 08003003 accomplishment Achievements by individuals or groups, such as charitable fundraising, winning a competitive contest etc none 15 15 0 08003004 human mishap Stories arising from silly/stupid human errors e.g. like forgetting to tie one end of a bungee cord none 15 15 0 08003005 fortune-telling The forecasting of future events or the delineation of character by methods not ordinarily considered to have a rational basis none 17 17 0 08004000 mystery Something unexplained or unknown none 1 1 0 08005000 society Stories of well-known people none 1 1 0 08005001 ceremony Rituals of a non-religious nature such as dedications, wreath layings, ship launchings etc none 15 15 0 08005002 death The human interest aspects of the demise of a person none 17 17 0 08005003 funeral The ceremony to intern the remains of a person none 17 17 0 08005004 estate bestowal The distribution of the estate of a person according to their will and any disagreements between the heirs none 17 17 0 08005005 memorial Commemorative ceremony or object - plaque, statue etc - in remembrance of a person. none 17 17 0 08006000 award and prize Decorations, awards and prizes, including those given by the government. none 1 1 0 08006001 record Non-sport achievement by an individual or group that sets a new record, such as most books read, holding your breath longest none 15 15 0 08007000 imperial and royal matters News on imperial and royal family members, including matters on legal systems. none 1 1 0 08008000 plant An organism of the kind exemplified by trees, shrubs, grasses, ferns, and mosses, typically growing in a permanent site none 17 17 0 09000000 labour Social aspects, organizations, rules and conditions affecting the employment of human effort for the generation of wealth or provision of services and the economic support of the unemployed. none 1 1 0 09001000 apprentices People who are in the work force at a learning level, serving under a master none 1 1 0 09002000 collective contract Usually written contracts covering a specific class of worker none 1 1 0 09002001 contract issue-wages Element of contracts and contract discussions centring on remuneration none 12 12 0 09002002 contract issue-healthcare Element of contracts and contract discussions centring on health care issues none 12 12 0 09002003 contract issue-work rules Element of contracts and contract discussions centring on rules affecting issues such as lunch and other breaks, work shifts, vacation scheduling, seniority, sick leave etc. none 12 12 0 09003000 employment Paid labour none 1 1 0 09003001 labor market A pool of people who are working or are seeking work none 9 9 0 09003002 job layoffs The reduction of a company's work force through dismissal because of changing economic factors none 9 9 0 09003003 child labor Employment of children, usually under the age of 18 none 9 9 0 09003004 occupations Generally one's trade, profession or business although professions are usually such things as lawyers and doctors, and occupations are such as clerks or truckers none 9 9 0 09004000 labour dispute Differences of opinion about work conditions, pay, etc none 1 1 0 09005000 labour legislation Laws governing work and labour none 1 1 0 09006000 retirement The years after work none 1 1 0 09007000 retraining Providing a worker training in new skills when his old skills are no longer applicable none 1 1 0 09008000 strike A job action involving cessation of work none 1 1 0 09009000 unemployment Lack of paid work none 1 1 0 09010000 unions Groups established to represent bodies of workers none 1 1 0 09011000 wage and pension Parts of a salary divided for current income and future income none 1 1 0 09011001 employee benefits Either benefits provided to an employee by a company, such as pensions, health insurance; or monetary compensation paid by a government to the jobless usually called unemployment benefits none 9 9 0 09011002 social security FICA. Money paid by individual and companies into a government account to be paid out when that individual reaches a certain age none 9 9 0 09012000 work relations The give and take between management and labour none 1 1 0 09013000 health and safety at work Rules and procedures for guaranteeing the health of workers none 1 1 0 09014000 advanced training Additional training to enhance current skills none 1 1 0 09015000 employer The person who employs workers and pays the salaries and other benefits to workers none 1 1 0 09016000 employee A person who trades his time and talent for money and other benefits none 1 1 0 10000000 lifestyle and leisure Activities undertaken for pleasure, relaxation or recreation outside paid employment, including eating and travel. none 1 1 0 10001000 game Contests generally for ones amusement none 1 1 0 10001001 Go A strategic, deterministic Chinese board game played by alternately placing stones on a grid Explanation changed in V17 17 17 0 10001002 chess A game played on a chequered board with 16 pieces to each side with specific ranges of movement depending on their identity typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 10001003 bridge A card game of four players who bet on the hands of each other, developed from Russian whist none 1 1 0 10001004 shogi A strategic board games which is native to Japan and is often called Japanese chess none 17 17 0 10002000 gaming and lottery Gambling, often involving selection of sets of numbers one expects to come up none 1 1 0 10003000 gastronomy The art of good eating none 1 1 0 10003001 organic foods Food which is grown using no artificial fertilizers or chemical compounds none 9 9 0 10004000 hobby Various types of activities for amusement, such as collecting stamps, building models, quilting, crafts none 1 1 0 10004001 DIY DIY - do it yourself. Normally the construction, repair or maintenance of residential property by an amateur none 17 17 0 10004002 shopping Consumer purchasing and related trends, but not the business aspects of retailing none 17 17 0 10004003 gardening The non-commercial aspects of landscaping, growing plants, trees and other vegetation that gives pleasure to the gardener and others none 17 17 0 10005000 holiday or vacation Stories about leisure travel to a single location and/or country over a short period of time none 1 1 0 10006000 tourism Stories about leisure travel involving visits to a number of locations and/or countries over an extended period of time, often as part of an organized group none 1 1 0 10007000 travel and commuting Stories about transport options, travel networks, commuting, car pooling and business travel none 1 1 0 10007001 traffic Traffic reports and/or warnings none 11 11 0 10008000 club and association Organizations joined by individuals because of similar interests none 1 1 0 10009000 lifestyle (house and home) Unique culture of ones own home none 1 1 0 10010000 leisure (general) Activities carried out in ones' spare time none 1 1 0 10011000 public holiday A day or days set off for celebration none 1 1 0 10012000 hunting An activity involving the use of weapons or traps for the capturing of animals none 1 1 0 10013000 fishing An activity involving the use of baits, lures, weapons and traps for the capture of aquatic species none 1 1 0 10014000 auto trends The evolution of the automobile none 9 9 0 10015000 adventure Expeditions, daring feats, exploration, record-breaking, risk-associated events none 17 17 0 10016000 beauty Issues relating to improving one's appearance and attractiveness, including reviews of beauty products none 17 17 0 10017000 consumer issue Shopping, products for the home, relevant surveys, product recalls none 17 17 0 10018000 wedding The marriage ceremony and the events that surround it - showers, rehearsal, parties, honeymoon, etc. none 17 17 0 11000000 politics Local, regional, national and international exercise of power, or struggle for power, and the relationships between governing bodies and states. none 1 1 0 11001000 defence Anything involving the defence of one's own country none 1 1 0 11001001 veterans affairs Care and provision for those who served in the military none 1 1 0 11001002 national security The philosophy of securing a nation and its borders, as well as the well being of its citizens none 9 9 0 11001003 security measures Means of making a nation, a state, a building or a person secure from harm and outside interference. none 9 9 0 11001004 armed Forces Those employed by a government to conduct war, or to enforce the security of a nation none 9 9 0 11001005 military equipment Equipment issued to members of the armed forces none 9 9 0 11001006 firearms Anything that uses an explosive in a directed manner to propel an object that can maim or kill none 9 9 0 11001007 biological and chemical weapons Devices using biological agents, or chemical mixtures to disable, maim or kill an opponent none 9 9 0 11001008 missile systems Anything that propels an inert, explosive, biological or chemical object through the air with the aim of disabling, maiming or killing an opponent. none 9 9 0 11001009 nuclear weapons Weapons that use controlled radioactivity from the decay of certain elements to disable, maim or kill an opponent none 9 9 0 11002000 diplomacy The use of verbal and written skills for persuading others to your point of view none 1 1 0 11002001 summit Includes meetings of leaders, foreign and finance ministers from the Group of Eight major nations and Group of Seven industrialized nations. none 1 1 0 11002002 international relations Non-violent relations between nations through negotiation, treaty, or personal meetings FormalName error fixed 17 16 0 11002003 peace negotiations Negotiations intended to bring an end to a conflict FormalName error fixed 17 16 0 11002004 alliances Coalitions of like-minded groups formed to present a stronger force against any challenges FormalName error fixed 17 16 0 11003000 election The selection of representatives by the casting of votes none 1 1 0 11003001 political candidates Individuals who are chosen to stand for office none 9 9 0 11003002 political campaigns Campaigns for public office none 9 9 0 11003003 campaign finance The money that makes campaigns for public office possible none 9 9 0 11003004 national elections Choosing individuals for government at a national level none 9 9 0 11003005 regional elections Choosing individuals for government at a regional level none 9 9 0 11003006 local elections Choosing individuals for government at the basic level, whether city, village or county none 9 9 0 11003007 voting The act of selecting an individual you would like to represent your interests in government none 9 9 0 11003008 poll Periodic measurement of a political candidate's standing with the public none 12 12 0 11003009 european elections Choosing individuals for a body which is at a higher level than national government, e.g. European parliament none 12 12 0 11003010 primary Preliminary elections on a local or regional basis leading up to a regional or national election none 15 15 0 11004000 espionage and intelligence Covert collection of information none 1 1 0 11005000 foreign aid Help provided by one nation to another none 1 1 0 11005001 economic sanction Punitive actions taken by one country against another including trade restrictions, embargoes etc. none 15 15 0 11006000 government The system for ruling a country none 1 1 0 11006001 civil and public service The paid service by civilians for the government, and the often non-paid service of individuals for the benefit of others (public service) none 1 1 0 11006002 safety of citizens Government policies to protect the well being of its citizens none 1 1 0 11006003 think tank Group that undertakes political research and issue position papers, recommendations etc none 1 1 0 11006004 national government The ruling body of a nation none 9 9 0 11006005 executive (government) That portion of a ruling body involving the overall operation of government none 9 9 0 11006006 heads of state Symbolic or actual chief representative of a nation, such as royalty, or president or emir, for example none 9 9 0 11006007 government departments Divisions of a government that concentrate on specific areas such as health, welfare, economy or war none 9 9 0 11006008 public officials Individuals, usually elected, who are in public service or commonly in the public eye. none 9 9 0 11006009 ministers (government) Heads of various government departments at one level, also known as secretaries. At another level they form a legislative body. The chief minister is either prime minister or premier. none 9 9 0 11006010 public employees People employed by a government at all levels none 9 9 0 11006011 privatisation The privatisation of state-owned companies or property none 11 11 0 11006012 nationalisation State takeover of private companies or property none 11 11 0 11006013 impeachment The process of bringing a public official before a tribunal to answer charges of wrongdoing none 15 15 0 11007000 human rights Rights entitled to be enjoyed by all citizens universally none 1 1 0 11008000 local authority Authorities at city, county state or borough level none 1 1 0 11009000 parliament The collective body of elected officials representing the people none 1 1 0 11009001 upper house Senior chamber of a legislative body none 15 15 0 11009002 lower house The lower chamber of a legislative body none 15 15 0 11010000 parties and movements Covers both formally recognized and informal political associations none 1 1 0 11010001 non government organizations (NGO) Groups officially outside of government that lobby, demonstrate or campaign on a wide range of issues such as economics, environment healthcare etc. none 9 9 0 11011000 refugee A person seeking shelter in another country because of some fear of persecution in his own country none 1 1 0 11012000 regional authority Government bodies at levels encompassing more than one jurisdiction, e.g. the Delaware River Basin Commission none 1 1 0 11013000 state budget and tax The national budget as promulgated by the government none 1 1 0 11013001 public finance The money of government used for paying for public programs and services and public debt none 9 9 0 11014000 treaty and international organisation-DEPRECATED Formal bodies to regulate activities between nation states, often on the basis of written agreements DEPRECATED in V 16, split to SubjectMatters 11027 and 11028 16 1 16 11014001 international relations-DEPRECATED Non-violent relations between nations through negotiation, treaty, or personal meetings moved to SubjectMatter 11002 in V16 16 9 16 11014002 peace negotiations-DEPRECATED Negotiations intended to bring an end to a conflict moved to SubjectMatter 11002 in V16 16 9 16 11014003 alliances-DEPRECATED Coalitions of like-minded groups formed to present a stronger force against any challenges moved to SubjectMatter 11002 in V16 16 9 16 11015000 constitution Usually a written document setting forth the operations of a government and the rights of the citizens therein none 1 1 0 11016000 interior policy Government policies affecting internal affairs of a country none 1 1 0 11016001 data protection Efforts to protect personal information in either written, oral or electronic form none 1 1 0 11016002 housing and urban planning Systematic planning of urban and suburban areas and the housing within those areas none 1 1 0 11016003 pension and welfare Government policies affecting the well being of its citizens through unemployment benefits, state pensions and other similar payments none 1 1 0 11016004 personal weapon control Government control of personal ownership of firearms and other offensive weapons, including control of weapons used for sports through licenses and other means none 1 1 0 11016005 indigenous people Government policies toward indigenous peoples none 12 12 0 11016006 personal data collection The collection, by government or other entities of information on individuals none 15 15 0 11016007 planning inquiries Public hearings or planning inquiries on proposed constructions, e.g. Construction of water driven power station in a National Park. none 15 15 0 11017000 migration Movement of one body of persons from one place to another none 1 1 0 11018000 citizens initiative and recall Political suggestions by non-government officials for corrective action, or for changes in existing rules and regulations none 1 1 0 11019000 referenda Political proposals, laws and actions suggested by non-government officials to be voted on by the entire voting body none 1 1 0 11020000 nuclear policy Government policies as regards to use of nuclear fuels for power production or weapons none 1 1 0 11021000 lobbying The attempt by non-government bodies and individual to affect the outcome of legislation through verbal, or other, persuasion none 1 1 0 11022000 regulatory policy and organisation The rules and bodies, both national and international, that govern conflict of interest and good practice regulations. none 1 1 0 11023000 censorship Attempts by any group to control freedoms of speech, religion, and ideas distributed in print, graphics, cyberspace and other ways. Does not include official standards such as cinema ratings, advertising and broadcast standards. replaced by "freedom of press" in V 12, reintroduced in V13 13 13 0 11024000 politics (general) The art or science of participating in the affairs of government, a state of political party none 9 9 0 11024001 political systems Systems designed to provide order to government none 9 9 0 11024002 democracy Government in which the people hold the power either directly, or through elected officials. none 9 9 0 11024003 political development The creation and rise of political systems and the history of the people and nations that are associated with those systems. none 12 12 0 11025000 freedom of the press Stories about mass media rights and freedoms, pressure and intimidation of the journalists, censorship in mass media, activities of government bodies, journalistic associations and/or organizations and other NGOs in regards to press freedom replaced "censorship" in V12, added as new Topic in V13 13 13 0 11026000 freedom of religion Stories about religious rights and freedoms, pressure and intimidation of the believers, censorship in mass media, activities of government bodies, journalistic associations and/or organizations and other NGOs in regards to freedom of belief and practice none 16 16 0 11027000 treaty A treaty (as defined by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties) is a written agreement between international entities that is binding under international law. none 16 16 0 11028000 international organisation Includes organisations with members and functions that cross international borders, and may include intergovernmental organisations of sovereign nations. none 16 16 0 12000000 religion and belief All aspects of human existence involving theology, philosophy, ethics and spirituality. none 1 1 0 12001000 cult and sect Offshoots of established religious bodies, or small narrow-focused group promulgated by one or two individuals none 1 1 0 12002000 belief (faith) The established beliefs of an individuals religion none 1 1 0 12002001 unificationism The belief system of members of the Unification Church established by the Rev. Sun Myung Moon. none 11 11 0 12002002 scientology Believe that man is a spiritual being endowed with abilities well beyond those which he normally envisages; he's able to solve his own problems, accomplish his goals and gain lasting happiness. none 11 11 0 12003000 freemasonry A secret international society based on the principles of brotherhood, charity and mutual aid none 1 1 0 12004000 religion-DEPRECATED Established theologies with fixed systems of belief SubjectMatter deprecated, SubjectDetails moved to other SubjectMatter 14 9 14 12004001 christianity-DEPRECATED Those that use Jesus Christ and his teachings as their centre of belief moved to 12009000 14 9 14 12004002 islam-DEPRECATED Those who use Allah and his teachings as their centre of belief moved to 12010000 14 9 14 12004003 judaism-DEPRECATED A group believing in one god, basing their beliefs on written scriptures and the Talmud, including the first coming of the Messiah moved to 12011000 14 9 14 12004004 buddhism-DEPRECATED A major Asian religion founded by Buddha in the 6th century in India and preaching that right thinking and self denial will lead to a divine state without desire moved to 12012000 14 9 14 12004005 hinduism-DEPRECATED A religious and social system, believing in a caste system with the Brahmans the highest and untouchables the lowest. moved to 12013000 14 9 14 12005000 church (organisation)-DEPRECATED Generally an edifice identifiable as a place of worship for the Christian religion moved to 12000001/SubjectQualifier 14 1 14 12005001 religious facilities-DEPRECATED Any facility where a group can carry out its religious rites whether it is a mosque, a church, a house or a tent moved to 12000002/SubjectQualifier 14 9 14 12006000 values Personal levels of social behaviour none 1 1 0 12006001 ethics A system of beliefs about acceptable behaviour none 9 9 0 12006002 corrupt practices Any action which is harmful to others none 9 9 0 12007000 church and state relations The legal and social division between religious institutions and the affairs of state none 9 9 0 12008000 philosophy Different thoughts about the way the world works none 9 9 0 12009000 christianity Those that use Jesus Christ and his teachings as their centre of belief moved from 12004001 14 1 0 12009001 protestant General term for christian churches and religious communities which developed through the reformation in the 16th century none 14 14 0 12009002 lutheran Christians who follow the teaching of reformer Martin Luther none 14 14 0 12009003 reformed Christians who follow the teaching of reformers Johannes Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli none 14 14 0 12009004 anglican Members of the worldwide anglican communion which started in the 16th century in England as a breakaway church from the roman catholic church none 14 14 0 12009005 methodist Followers of John and Charles Wesley who tried to reform the Church of England in the 18th century and turned into a separate church none 14 14 0 12009006 baptist Members of a christian church which only baptises adults who truly believe in Christ none 14 14 0 12009007 mennonite Members of a 16th century christian church which is against military service and baptising infants none 14 14 0 12009009 mormon Members of a religious community which believes in the "Book of Mormon" and the revelations of founder M.J. Smith none 14 14 0 12009010 roman catholic Biggest christian church worldwide tracing its origins back to Jesus Christ none 14 14 0 12009011 old catholic Members of a catholic church which started in 1870 and denies the dogma of the infallibility of the pope none 14 14 0 12009012 orthodoxy Eastern rite churches which are characterised by their continuity with the apostolic church, their liturgy and their territorial churches, mainly in eastern and south-eastern Europe and the Middle East none 14 14 0 12009013 salvation army Christian community organised in a military fashion which does missionary and social work none 14 14 0 12010000 islam Those who use Allah and his teachings as their centre of belief moved from 12004002 14 14 0 12011000 judaism A group believing in one god, basing their beliefs on written scriptures and the Talmud, including the first coming of the Messiah moved from 12004003 14 14 0 12012000 buddhism A major Asian religion founded by Buddha in the 6th century BC in India and preaching that right thinking and self denial will lead to a divine state without desire moved from 12004004 14 14 0 12013000 hinduism A religious and social system, believing in a caste system with the Brahmans the highest and untouchables the lowest. moved from 12004005 14 14 0 12014000 religious festival or holiday Holy day or day of observance in a religion which sometimes is a public holiday as well none 14 14 0 12014001 christmas Christian festival in commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ none 14 14 0 12014002 easter Christian festival in commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ none 14 14 0 12014003 pentecost Christian festival, celebrated on the 50th day after Easter commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit none 14 14 0 12014004 ramadan Holy month of fasting in Islam none 14 14 0 12014005 yom kippur Most solemn of Jewish religious holidays, observed on the 10th day of the lunar month of tishri (in the course of September and October, when Jews seek reconciliation with god none 14 14 0 12015000 religious leader Person or persons who have a ritual, juridical or otherwise leading role in their respective church or religion none 14 14 0 12015001 pope Head of the roman catholic church worldwide none 14 14 0 12016000 nature religion Worship of natural elements like fire, water, trees, mountains none 14 14 0 12017000 taoism Indigenous religio-philosophical tradition that has shaped Chinese life for more than 2000 years none 14 14 0 12018000 shintoism Indigenous religious beliefs and practices of Japan. The word Shinto came into use in order to distinguish indigenous Japanese beliefs from Buddhism. none 14 14 0 12019000 sikhism The religion of an Indian group, combining Hindu and Islamic elements, founded in the Punjab (or Panjab) in the late 15th century AD by Guru Nanak. none 14 14 0 12020000 jainism A religion of India that teaches a path to spiritual purity and enlightenment through a disciplined mode of life founded upon the tradition of ahimsa, non-violence to all living creatures. It began in the 7th-5th century BC. none 14 14 0 12021000 parsasm A religion in India following the Iranian prophet Zoroaster, mainly in Bombay, but also in Karachi (Pakistan). none 14 14 0 12022000 confucianism The way of life propagated by Confucius in the 6th-5th century BC and followed by the Chinese people for more than 2000 years. Its influence has extended to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. none 14 14 0 12023000 religious text Scriptures holy or important for a church or religion none 14 14 0 12023001 bible Sacred scriptures of Christianity consisting of the old and new testament none 14 14 0 12023002 qur'an Holy book of Islam none 14 14 0 12023003 torah Holy scriptures of Judaism none 14 14 0 12024000 interreligious dialogue Any form of communication between religions none 14 14 0 12025000 religious event News regarding a religious event but not a festival or holiday none 14 14 0 12025001 catholic convention Reports concerning or from a catholic convention none 14 14 0 12025002 protestant convention Reports concerning or from a protestant convention none 14 14 0 12025004 ritual Established religious rituals such as mass, baptism, prayer meetings none 15 15 0 12026000 concordat Treaty between the Holy See and another country for the regulation of ecclesiastical affairs in the territory of the latter none 14 14 0 12027000 ecumenism Relations between christian churches none 14 14 0 13000000 science and technology All aspects pertaining to human understanding of nature and the physical world and the development and application of this knowledge none 1 1 0 13001000 applied science Stories about putting scientific knowledge to practical uses in the fields of the medical sciences, agriculture, domestic sciences as well as trades and crafts none 1 1 0 13001001 physics The study of the properties and changes of matter none 9 9 0 13001002 chemistry The study of the composition and reaction of substances none 9 9 0 13001003 cosmology Study of the organization and structure of the universe none 15 15 0 13001004 particle physics The study of elementary particles and atomic nuclei through the use of high-energy particles none 15 15 0 13002000 engineering Stories about putting scientific knowledge to practical uses in the fields of civil, electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering none 1 1 0 13002001 material science The study of materials used in manufacturing none 15 15 0 13003000 human science Stories related to sociology, psychology, anthropology and political science none 1 1 0 13003001 social sciences The study of people living in groups, as families, tribes and communities none 9 9 0 13003002 history The study of human events of the past none 9 9 0 13003003 psychology The study of the human mind and mental and emotional processes none 9 9 0 13003004 sociology The study of human social relations, organization and change none 9 9 0 13003005 anthropology The study of human beings in groups or societies none 9 9 0 13004000 natural science Stories related to astronomy, astrophysics, physics, chemistry, earth sciences, palaeontology, biological sciences, botany and zoology, as well as mathematics none 1 1 0 13004001 geology The study of Earth's physical processes none 9 9 0 13004002 paleontology The study of ancient animals none 9 9 0 13004003 geography The study of the surface of Earth and its political divisions none 9 9 0 13004004 botany The study of plants none 9 9 0 13004005 zoology The study of animals none 9 9 0 13004006 physiology The study of vital processes of living organisms none 9 9 0 13004007 astronomy The study of the stars and planets none 15 15 0 13004008 biology The study of living organisms none 15 15 0 13005000 philosophical science Stories related to philosophy, logic and ethics, among others none 1 1 0 13006000 research Methodical investigation of events, procedures etc to explain why they occur, or to find solutions for problems none 1 1 0 13006001 survey Examination of public attitudes on various subjects or issues, such as the quality of goods, the value of services etc. none 12 12 0 13007000 scientific exploration Methodical land, sea and space journeys to discover new information about them none 1 1 0 13008000 space programme The government's organized effort for the exploration of outer space and the bodies therein none 1 1 0 13009000 science (general) Establishing and systematizing information about nature and the physical world through observation, experimentation and hypothesis none 1 1 0 13010000 technology (general) The study of the practical or industrial arts, and applied sciences such as physics, hydrodynamics and thermodynamics none 1 1 0 13010001 rocketry The development of rockets none 15 15 0 13010002 laser The development and use of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation none 15 15 0 13011000 standards The rules, national and international, that govern science and technology. These might include international standards setting for equipment and interference standards. none 1 1 0 13012000 animal science Science involving animals none 1 1 0 13013000 micro science The multi-disciplinary areas of nanotechnology and Micro-Electrical Mechanical Systems. none 1 1 0 13014000 marine science The multi-disciplinary research areas involving the worlds' waterways and oceans. This could include hyper-spectral sensing of ice flows, fisheries studies and underwater research. none 1 1 0 13015000 weather science All scientific aspects of the weather and climate. none 1 1 0 13016000 electronics The branch of engineering or physics concerned with the controlled flow of electrons or other carriers of electric charges, especially in semiconductor devices, including the design, manufacture, and maintenance of electronic devices none 1 1 0 13017000 identification technology Includes biometrics, new computer-based identification cards, retinal scans, face scanning and mobile augmented reality systems (MARS) and other ways technology can identify individuals. Also technology vs. the privacy of personal information. none 1 1 0 13018000 mathematics The study of quantities and shapes and their symbolic relationships. none 1 1 0 13019000 biotechnology Manipulating natural organisms for scientific, medical or agricultural purposes none 9 9 0 13020000 agricultural research and technology Pertaining to the growing of crops and management of farm animals none 9 9 0 13021000 nanotechnology Manipulating objects at the molecular scale none 9 9 0 13022000 IT/computer sciences The study and design of computer systems and networks. none 9 9 0 13023000 scientific institutions Institutions that carry out or govern scientific work (e.g. National Academy of Arts and Sciences ) none 11 11 0 14000000 social issue Aspects of the behaviour of humans affecting the quality of life. none 1 1 0 14001000 addiction The habitual and often uncontrollable use of harmful substances such as alcohol, tobacco and pharmaceuticals or drugs none 1 1 0 14002000 charity Philanthropic giving none 1 1 0 14003000 demographics The study of people and here they live and how they interact none 1 1 0 14003001 population and census Population is the number of people in a geographical region and census is the process of counting them none 9 9 0 14003002 immigration Movement of individuals from one country to the other none 9 9 0 14003003 illegal immigrants Movement of individuals from one country to the other by illicit means none 9 9 0 14003004 emigrants People who leave their country of origin, their relationship with their country of origin and their association with fellow emigrants none 11 11 0 14004000 disabled Being incapacitated either physically, emotionally or mentally none 1 1 0 14005000 euthanasia (also includes assisted suicide) Voluntary death with the aid of another none 1 1 0 14005001 suicide Death by one's own hand none 9 9 0 14006000 family A group of individuals related by blood or marriage none 1 1 0 14006001 parent and child Two or more individuals with a hierarchical familial relationship none 9 9 0 14006002 adoption A legal process of bringing a child with no supporting parents into a supportive union none 9 9 0 14006003 marriage The union of two individuals who pledge fidelity, respect and support for each other none 9 9 0 14006004 divorce The process by which a marriage is dissolved none 9 9 0 14006005 sex The classification of individuals as either male or female. Or conjugal relationship between two individuals. none 9 9 0 14006006 courtship Preliminaries of wooing and winning a partner none 15 15 0 14007000 family planning Conscious decisions and efforts involving reproduction none 1 1 0 14008000 health insurance Insurance covering extraordinary medical costs none 1 1 0 14009000 homelessness Lacking a fixed place of residence none 1 1 0 14010000 minority group A group of people classified by race, language, religion or other characteristic numerically smaller than others of the same classification none 1 1 0 14010001 gays and lesbians Those that consider themselves attracted to their same gender in an erotic or sensual or similar way. none 9 9 0 14010002 national or ethnic minority Groups of people that form a minority on ethnic or national basis, their status, problems and relations to the majority none 11 11 0 14011000 pornography Audio or visual depictions of various sex related acts considered outside accepted community standards none 1 1 0 14012000 poverty Having insufficient resources to provide for basic services to oneself or family none 1 1 0 14013000 prostitution Sex for sale, either male or female, and those who profit from it none 1 1 0 14014000 racism Harmful attitudes toward another group based on racial differences none 1 1 0 14015000 welfare Generally government help for those in need of food, housing health and other services none 1 1 0 14016000 abortion Usually the planned disruption of the process of reproduction of human life none 1 1 0 14017000 missing person A person who is not where they are expected to be for a period of time none 1 1 0 14017001 missing due to hostilities People, both civilian and military, missing during or after hostilities none 11 11 0 14018000 long term care Extensive health care because of serious illness or disability none 1 1 0 14019000 juvenile delinquency Incidents involving perpetrators who are minors. none 1 1 0 14020000 nuclear radiation victims Includes antinuclear movements and compensation for atomic blast victims. none 1 1 0 14021000 slavery The involuntary servitude, outside of legal incarceration for statuary criminal offences, of men, women and children, including involuntary unpaid labour, coerced actions, child labour none 1 1 0 14022000 abusive behaviour The maltreatment of one or more individuals by others through dehumanizing treatment including sexual or mental abuse, deprivation of sensory abilities, deprivation of physical needs, physical mistreatment including beatings, and other forms of torture none 1 1 0 14023000 death and dying Dying is the route to death. Death is the state you are in when there are no signs that you can function as a human being either physically or mentally none 9 9 0 14024000 people Individuals as a whole, sometimes broken down into various classes, such as indigenous people, people of class etc none 9 9 0 14024001 children Immature people, usually up to the age of puberty none 9 9 0 14024002 infants Those people from birth until ages of one or two, usually when they begin walking none 9 9 0 14024003 teen-agers People aged 13 to 19 years of age none 9 9 0 14024004 adults People aged 20 and above none 9 9 0 14024005 senior citizens People aged 60 or 65 and older none 9 9 0 14025000 social issues (general) Issues affecting a number of individuals in their daily lives like housing, food, education, personal relationships none 9 9 0 14025001 social conditions Conditions under which people live in terms of housing, water supply, availability of education none 9 9 0 14025002 social problems Issues affecting the lives of individuals such as housing, education nutrition, communication etc none 9 9 0 14025003 discrimination Denial of services to one or more people because of race, colour, sexual identity, religion, political beliefs etc none 9 9 0 14025004 social services Government supported programs to improve the well-being of individuals or groups of individuals none 9 9 0 14025005 death penalty policies National or international polices regarding death sentences none 18 18 0 14026000 ordnance clearance The removal or neutralization of ordnance such as landmines or cluster bombs, remaining after a war or armed conflict none 11 11 0 14027000 reconstruction The reconstruction of economy, infrastructure and property, as well as life in general, after a war or natural disaster none 11 11 0 15000000 sport Competitive exercise involving physical effort. Organizations and bodies involved in these activities. none 1 1 0 15001000 aero and aviation sport Parachuting, freefall (parapente, delta-plane), gliding, aerostat, motorised flight (airplane, ultra light craft, helicopter) none 17 1 0 15001001 parachuting Parachuting competitions: precision landings, voltige, individual and team none 1 1 0 15001002 sky diving Parachuting competitions involving sky-diving none 1 1 0 15002000 alpine skiing Skiing downhill on snow-covered slopes as fast as possible. The slopes contain intermediate gates which are spaced according to the discipline involved none 1 1 0 15002001 downhill Skiing at top speed down a steep slope with interspersed turns but no gates. The fastest wins. none 1 1 0 15002002 giant slalom Skiing down a slope, but with more turns and bends than in super-G skiing. The fastest wins. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15002003 super G Skiing down a steep slope, but with more turns and bends than in the downhill. The fastest wins. none 1 1 0 15002004 slalom Skiers must zig-zag their way down a slope with closely positioned gates which they must negotiate. It is run over two legs with the combined fastest winning. none 1 1 0 15002005 combined Race, usually competed over two days that combines a downhill leg and a slalom leg rewarding the most complete skiers. Combined fastest time wins. none 1 1 0 15003000 American football Team ball game that opposes two teams that have attack sections and defence sections. Each attack goes up against the other defence and attempts to move an oval-shaped ball down the field and into the end-zone to mark a touchdown and earn points. none 1 1 0 15003001 (US) National Football League (NFL) (North American) The association of professional American football teams none 1 1 0 15003002 CFL The Canadian Football League (CFL), also known as Ligue Canadienne de Football (LCF), is a professional league located entirely in Canada that plays Canadian football. re-added, with corresponding explanation 18 1 0 15003003 AFL-DEPRECATED The American Football League (AFL) was a professional league of American football that operated from 1960 to 1969. In 1970, the AFL merged with the National Football League. explanation fixed - and code deprecated 18 1 18 15004000 archery Archers use bows and arrows to aim at targets 1.22 metres in diameter which are on average 70 metres distant. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15004001 FITA / Outdoor target archery The competition is held outdoors on an open (flat) field, at various fixed distances. The archery competition in the Olympic Games is a part of the FITA outdoor target archery program. none 1 1 0 15004002 crossbow shooting Shooting with crossbow on targets from different distances none 11 11 0 15005000 athletics, track and field Competitions involving foot races, jumping and throwing which can be on a track inside a stadium or on outside roads none 1 1 0 15005001 100 m Running over a distance of 100 metres with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005002 200 m Running over a distance of 200 metres with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005003 400 m Running over a distance of 400 metres with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005004 800 m Running over a distance of 800 metres with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005005 1000 m Running over a distance of 1000 metres with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005006 1500 m Running over a distance of 1000 metres with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005007 mile Running over a distance of one mile with the fastest time winning typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15005008 2000 m Running over a distance of 2000 metres with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005009 3000 m Running over a distance of 3000 metres with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005010 5000 m Running over a distance of 5000 metres with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005011 10,000 m Running over a distance of 10,000 metres with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005012 20 km Walking over a distance of 20 km on public roads with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005013 one hour Walking as far as possible in the time of one hour none 1 1 0 15005014 25000 Walking over a distance of 25km with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005015 30000 Walking over a distance of 30kms with the fastest time winning none 1 1 0 15005016 110 m hurdles Race consisting of covering 110 metres as fast as possible while jumping over 10 hurdles placed on the track none 1 1 0 15005017 400 m hurdles Race consisting of covering 400 metres as fast as possible while jumping over 10 hurdles placed on the track none 1 1 0 15005018 3000 m steeplechase Race consisting of covering 3000 metres as fast as possible while jumping over 28 hurdles which are 91/4 centimetres high and seven water obstacles none 1 1 0 15005019 high jump Competitors jump as high as possible over a bar which is raised each time they clear the height. The highest clearance wins. none 1 1 0 15005020 pole vault Competitors use a flexible pole to propel themselves feet-first into the air and clear a bar which is raised higher at each round of jumps. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15005021 long jump Competitors build up speed over a short sprint and them attempt to jump as far forward as they can from a given point into sand trap. The longest jump wins. none 1 1 0 15005022 triple jump Competitors build up speed over a short sprint and then attempt to jump as far forward as they can using a hop, skip and a jump technique. The longest jump wins. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15005023 shot put Competitors stand in a circle with a 2.13 metres diameter and attempt to throw a metal ball weighing 7.26 kg for men and 4kg for women as far as possible. The longest throw wins. none 1 1 0 15005024 discus throw Competitors stand in a netted circle with a 2.50 metres diameter and with a turning motion attempt to throw a discus weighing 2kg for men and 1kg for women as far as possible. The longest throw wins. none 1 1 0 15005025 hammer throw Competitors throw a hammer consisting of a metal ball, chain and handle as far as they can from a netted circle which is 2.13 metres in diameter. The hammer weighs 7.26 kg for men and 4 kg for women. none 1 1 0 15005026 javelin throw Competitors in a specially-designated throwing area attempt to fling a spear-like javelin as far as possible. The javelin weighs 800 grammes for men and 600 grammes for women. none 1 1 0 15005027 decathlon Individual men's competition which involves accumulating points in 10 different disciplines over two days: 1st day - 100m, long-jump, shot-putt, high-jump, 400m. 2nd day - 110m hurdles, discus, pole-vault, javelin and 1,500 metres. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15005028 4x100 m Team race involving four runners each covering 100 metres. none 1 1 0 15005029 4x200 m Team race involving four runners each covering 200 metres. none 1 1 0 15005030 4x400 m Team race involving four runners each covering 400 metres. none 1 1 0 15005031 4x800 m Team race involving four runners each covering 800 metres. none 1 1 0 15005032 4x1500 m Team race involving four runners each covering 1500 metres. none 1 1 0 15005033 walk 1 h One-hour long race where competitors must maintain at least one foot in contact with the ground and are not allowed to run. none 1 1 0 15005034 walk 2 h Two-hour long walking race where competitors must maintain at least one foot in contact with the ground and are not allowed to run. none 1 1 0 15005035 10 km walk Walking race over 10 kilometres where competitors must maintain at least one foot in contact with the ground and are not allowed to run. none 1 1 0 15005036 15 km walk Walking race over 15 kilometres where competitors must maintain at least one foot in contact with the ground and are not allowed to run. none 1 1 0 15005037 20 km walk Walking race over 20 kilometres where competitors must maintain at least one foot in contact with the ground and are not allowed to run. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15005038 30 km walk Walking race over 30 kilometres where competitors must maintain at least one foot in contact with the ground and are not allowed to run. none 1 1 0 15005039 50 km walk Walking race over 50 kilometres where competitors must maintain at least one foot in contact with the ground and are not allowed to run. none 1 1 0 15005040 100 m hurdles Sprint over a distance of 110 metres with competitors having to clear 10 hurdles placed in their way. none 1 1 0 15005041 5 km walk Walking race over 5 kilometres where competitors must maintain at least one foot in contact with the ground and are not allowed to run. none 1 1 0 15005042 heptathlon Individual women's competition involving seven separate disciplines over two days. 1st day - 100m hurdles, high-jump, shot-putt, 200 metres. 2nd day - long-jump, javelin, 800 metres. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15005043 1500 m walk Walking race over 1500 metres where competitors must maintain at least one foot in contact with the ground and are not allowed to run. none 1 1 0 15005044 2000 m walk Walking race over 2000 metres where competitors must maintain at least one foot in contact with the ground and are not allowed to run. none 1 1 0 15005045 3000 m walk Walking race over 3000 metres where competitors must maintain at least one foot in contact with the ground and are not allowed to run. none 1 1 0 15005046 50 m Short sprint race over 50 metres with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005047 50 m hurdles Short sprint race over 50 metres interspersed with hurdles. none 1 1 0 15005048 50 yards Short sprint race over 50 yards with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005049 50 yard hurdles Short sprint race over 50 yards interspersed with hurdles. none 1 1 0 15005050 60 m Short sprint race over 60 metres with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005051 60 m hurdles Short sprint race over 60 metres interspersed with hurdles. none 1 1 0 15005052 60 yards Short sprint race over 60 yards with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005053 60 yard hurdles Short sprint race over 60 yards interspersed with hurdles. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15005054 100 yards Sprint race over 100 yards with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005055 100 yard hurdles Sprint race over 100 yards interspersed with hurdles. none 1 1 0 15005056 300 m Race over 300 metres with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005057 300 yards Race over 300 yards with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005058 440 yards Race over 440 yards with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005059 500 m Race over 500 metres with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005060 500 yards Race over 500 yards with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005061 600 m Race over 600 metres with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005062 600 yards Race over 600 yards with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005063 880 yards Race over 880 yards with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005064 1000 yards Race over 1000 yards with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005065 2 miles Race over two miles with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005066 3 miles Race over three miles with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005067 6 miles Race over six miles with the fastest time winning. none 1 1 0 15005068 4x1 mile Team Relay race with four runners on each team running for one mile. none 1 1 0 15005069 pentathlon Only indoor, 60m hurdles, high jump, shot put, long jump, 800 m none 12 12 0 15006000 badminton Two players or two teams of two compete by hitting a shuttlecock weighing approximately five grams over a high net. The aim for each player/team is to prevent the shuttlecock landing on their side of the court. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15007000 baseball A game between two teams of nine played on an enclosed ground. The team which scores the most points wins. A point is scored when a player runs around the ground marked out by four bases. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15007001 Major League Baseball (North American Professional) - American League Baseball league comprising 14 teams. none 1 1 0 15007002 Major League Baseball (North American Professional) - National League Baseball league comprising 16 teams. none 1 1 0 15007003 Major League Baseball (North American Professional) - Special (e.g. All-Star, World Series) Baseball competition other than the World Series. none 1 1 0 15007004 rubberball baseball Sometimes called ''soft baseball,'' the game is played with a rubber baseball of varying degrees of hardness depending upon the age and level of the players. none 1 1 0 15007005 Major League Baseball Playoffs Consists of several rounds of play to determine representatives to the U.S.-based World Series none 11 11 0 15007006 World Series U.S.-based annual series of games between the top two teams of Major League Baseball to determine the overall champion none 11 11 0 15008000 basketball Game played between two teams of five - points are scored by placing the large inflated ball into a net fixed on a ring 3.05m above the ground. none 1 1 0 15008001 National Basketball Association (North American Professional) The NBA is the umbrella organisation running professional basketball in the United States. The NBA is made up of two conferences (east and west), four divisions (Atlantic and Central for the East, and Midwest and Pacific for the west). typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15008002 professional - Women general women's professional league none 1 1 0 15008003 Swiss netball Similar to Basketball. Basket without a board. Mainly executed by women none 11 11 0 15008004 German netball Same as Swiss Netball, but with specific German rules none 11 11 0 15008005 Dutch netball Same as Swiss Netball, but with specific Dutch rule none 11 11 0 15009000 biathlon A combination of cross country skiing and target shooting on a 12.5 K course in a pursuit format. none 1 1 0 15009001 7.5 km Timed cross country skiing race. Competitors set off at 30sec intervals for three circuits totalling 7.5km. none 1 1 0 15009002 10 km Sprint races for men, pursuit for women. none 1 1 0 15009003 15 km Individual women's race in sprint format staged over three laps with competitors setting off at intervals of a minute. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15009004 20 km Individual men's race in sprint format staged over five laps with competitors setting off at intervals of a minute. none 1 1 0 15009005 4x7.5 km relay Teams consisting of four biathletes with each team covering a distance of 7.5km with two rounds of target shooting. none 1 1 0 15009006 12.5 km pursuit The start is determined by the results from the sprint. A race held over five laps with target shooting (standing or prone) none 1 1 0 15010000 billiards, snooker and pool A game played on a flat table covered with a cloth (baize) where players hit balls according to specific rules using a wooden cue. none 1 1 0 15010001 8 ball A game using 15 balls and a white. The first player aims to pot the balls numbered 1-7 (solids) with the second player potting balls 9-15 (stripes). After that the first player to pot the black wins. none 1 1 0 15010002 9 ball A game played with nine balls numbered 1-9, and a white. On each turn the player must hit the lowest numbered ball. none 1 1 0 15010003 14.1 A player nominates the ball he is attempting to pot and into which pocket. He collects points for each successful hit. He continues until he makes a mistake. Before hitting the 15th ball, the 14 reds are set up again in the triangle. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15010004 continuous-DEPRECATED NA DEPRECATED in V 16 16 1 16 15010005 other-DEPRECATED NA DEPRECATED in V 16 16 1 16 15010006 snooker Two players using a cue and a white ball to "sink" other coloured balls in a correct order on a baize table and to cause an opponent to miss-hit by positioning the white ball in an inappropriate place - snookering. none 17 17 0 15011000 bobsleigh In bobsleigh two or four persons race down a course sitting in a sled that consists of a main hull, a frame, two axles and sets of runners. The total time of all heats in a competition is added together to determine the winner. none 1 1 0 15011001 two-man sled race consisting of a team of two competitors none 1 1 0 15011002 four-man sled race consisting of a team of four competitors none 1 1 0 15012000 bowling A game in which a player scores points by trying to knock down ten 'pins' using a ball - if unsuccessful the player has a second attempt. A game consists of ten frames. none 1 1 0 15013000 bowls and petanque A game in which players throw bowls at a target, the winner being the player who lands closest. none 1 1 0 15014000 boxing Combat sport in which two men/women fight using only their fists covered by padded gloves in a square ring measuring 6m a side. The fight is usually split into 12 rounds of three minutes each. none 1 1 0 15014001 super-heavyweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014002 heavyweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014003 cruiserweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014004 light-heavyweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014005 super-middleweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014006 middleweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014007 light-middleweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014008 welterweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014009 light-welterweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014010 lightweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014011 super-featherweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014012 featherweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014013 super-bantamweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014014 bantamweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014015 super-flyweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014016 flyweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014017 light flyweight weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014018 straw weight category which varies according to the federation none 1 1 0 15014019 IBF International boxing federation none 1 1 0 15014020 WBA World boxing association none 1 1 0 15014021 WBC World boxing council none 1 1 0 15014022 WBO World boxing organisation none 1 1 0 15014023 French boxing Combat sport in which kicking with all parts of the feet are permitted and punching with the front of the fist is also allowed none 1 1 0 15014024 Thai boxing Form of boxing involving punches with fists, feet, knees, elbows and legs. none 1 1 0 15015000 canoeing and kayaking races in either 'white' or 'dead' water none 1 1 0 15015001 Slalom White water course set out with gates consisting of two poles suspended vertically over the water. Competitors must negotiate the gates or face penalties none 1 1 0 15015002 200 m race held over 200m none 1 1 0 15015003 500 m race held over 500m none 1 1 0 15015004 1000 m race held over 1000m none 1 1 0 15015005 K1 an enclosed boat with the competitor sitting on a fixed seat for one person using a double bladed paddle none 1 1 0 15015006 K2 an enclosed boat with the competitor sitting on a fixed seat for two people using double bladed paddles. none 1 1 0 15015007 K4 an enclosed boat with the competitor sitting on a fixed seat for four people using double bladed paddles. none 1 1 0 15015008 C1 One-seater canoe (open boat with competitor using a single bladed paddle. none 1 1 0 15015009 C2 Two-seater canoe (open boat) - competitors use a single bladed paddle. none 1 1 0 15015010 C4 Four-seater canoe (open boat) with each competitor using a single bladed paddle. none 1 1 0 15015011 canoe sailing A race involving a canoe equipped with a sail. none 1 1 0 15015012 pontoniering Team sport, military tradition, similar to canoe regatta, in boats none 11 11 0 15016000 climbing mountain sports none 1 1 0 15016001 mountaineering Alpine climbing none 11 11 0 15016002 sport climbing Sport climbing as a special category: individual competition, on an artificial wall with time measurement none 11 11 0 15017000 cricket Ball sport involving two teams of 11 players, balls, bats and wickets. The aim is to score as many runs as possible, and to get the opposing team 'out'. A 'run' involves a player running between two wickets. The opposing team try to get their rivals 'out' none 1 1 0 15018000 curling A game played on ice with large flat round stones. A player throws the stone, aiming at a target. Team mates of the player who has thrown the stone can sweep the ice in front of the stone to help smooth its path towards the target. none 1 1 0 15018001 icestock sport Similar to curling, played on targets on ice, different stones with straight handle and different rules, played in alpine countries none 11 11 0 15019000 cycling A race over a given distance on bicycles. none 1 1 0 15019001 track A race staged on a track in a velodrome none 1 1 0 15019002 pursuit Two cyclists or teams set off from midway down opposite straights and try to make up the gap between them. none 1 1 0 15019003 Olympic sprint Qualifying race held over 200m. From the quarter-finals two cyclists go head-to-heads. By teams races consist of three cyclists from different countries. none 1 1 0 15019004 sprint Races between two cyclists over two or three laps, with a timed sprint finish over the last 200m. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15019005 Keirin Sprint between six cyclists where a pacemaker on a moped gradually increases the pace over the first 1400m. When the pacemaker leaves the track the race develops into a sprint finish over the final 6-700m. none 1 1 0 15019006 points race Cyclists aim to complete the highest number of laps. Bonus points are picked up in intermediate sprints held every 2500m. none 1 1 0 15019007 Madison race A points race by teams comprising two cyclists in relay-format. none 1 1 0 15019008 500 m time trial Individual race against the clock over 500m for women. none 1 1 0 15019009 1 km time trial Individual race over 1000m against the clock for men. none 1 1 0 15019010 one hour Competitors aim to complete as many kilometres as possible in one hour. none 1 1 0 15019011 road race Road race with all the competitor starting en masse. none 1 1 0 15019012 road time trial A race or stage against the clock with each cyclist setting off individually. none 1 1 0 15019013 staging race A race disputed by teams with the classifications determined by the combined times over a day. none 1 1 0 15019014 cyclo-cross Staged on various surfaces - earth, grass, sand or tarmac. none 1 1 0 15019015 Vtt mountain bikes none 1 1 0 15019016 Vtt-cross An endurance race on mountain bikes around a 10km circuit over various terrain and with different degrees of slopes. Competitors are not allowed any exterior help. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15019017 Vtt-downhill Individual mountain bike race against the clock staged on a downhill circuit featuring obstacles. none 1 1 0 15019018 bi-crossing A race where competitors have to cover a circuit with obstacles as quickly as possible. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15019019 trial A timed race in which competitors on mountain bikes must negotiate tricky terrain and obstacles without putting their feet down. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15019020 artistic cycling Individual or teams on one or two bicycles in an arena. Points are awarded by a jury. none 11 11 0 15019021 cycle ball Competitive team sport using bicycles. One team against another with two persons per team. The aim is for competitors to move the ball using the front and rear wheels without letting their feet touch the ground. none 11 11 0 15020000 dancing Dancing competition where couples are judged on technique and interpretation. none 1 1 0 15021000 diving Competitors dive off a fixed or spring board and are assessed by seven judges giving marks up to ten for their acrobatic moves. none 1 1 0 15021001 10 m platform Divers take off from a ten metre high platform. none 1 1 0 15021002 10 m platform synchronised Two competitors from the same team dive off at the same time from separate platforms. As well as being judged on the standard criteria they are also awarded marks for synchronisation. none 1 1 0 15021003 3 m springboard Divers dive from a three-metre high springboard. none 1 1 0 15021004 3 m springboard synchronised Two competitors from the same team dive off at the same time from separate three-metre high springboards. As well as being judged on the standard criteria they are also awarded marks for synchronisation. none 1 1 0 15021005 subaquatics Sports like hockey held under water typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15021006 scuba diving Diving into different depths, with time measurement none 11 11 0 15022000 equestrian Sport involving a horse and rider. none 1 1 0 15022001 three-day event Equestrian event involving three disciplines - Dressage, cross-country and show jumping. none 1 1 0 15022002 dressage A rider is judged on a series of moves at three different paces - walk, trot and gallop. none 1 1 0 15022003 jumping A rider and horse attempt to jump a series of obstacles in an enclosed arena against the clock. none 1 1 0 15022004 cross country Equestrian event held on a designated circuit in the countryside featuring artificial and natural obstacles. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15023000 fencing Combat sport using a sword or foil. none 1 1 0 15023001 epee category of fencing using a weapon with a triangular cross-section blade and a large bell guard. none 1 1 0 15023002 foil category of fencing using a weapon with a rectangular cross-section blade and a small bell guard. none 1 1 0 15023003 sabre a fencing weapon with a flat blade and knuckle guard used with cutting or thrusting moves. none 1 1 0 15024000 field Hockey A ball sport involving two teams of 11 players using curved sticks. The aim is to score as many goals as possible. none 1 1 0 15024001 roll hockey Team sport similar to ice hockey, executed on 4 wheel roller skates with sticks and a ball none 11 11 0 15025000 figure Skating To obtain the best marks possible from nine judges who award scores after two prepared sections - both skated to music - during which competitors must attempt to achieve the greatest possible harmony between artistic flair and technical precision. none 1 1 0 15025001 singles The individual events comprise a short program which counts for 33.3% of the score, and the free skate which is worth 66.7%. none 1 1 0 15025002 pairs The pairs event comprise a short program which counts for 33.3% of the score, and the free skate which is worth 66.7%. none 1 1 0 15025003 ice dance Takes place over three days with, in order, two compulsory dances, the original dance (2min 30sec) and the free dance (4min). none 1 1 0 15026000 freestyle Skiing Competitors perform a series of breathtaking acrobatic leaps from a prepared jump. Combined with moguls, jumps and ski ballet. none 1 1 0 15026001 moguls Contestants attack a heavily moguled slope, performing technically challenging turns and jumps, while maintaining the most direct line from the top to the bottom of the hill. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15026002 aerials Competitors perform a series of aerial twists and turns from a prepared jump. none 1 1 0 15026003 artistic skiing Competitors perform a series of artistic moves (jumps and twists) all set to music. The use of ski poles is permitted. none 1 1 0 15027000 golf Competitors attempt to hit a small white ball with different clubs around a course of 18 holes varying in distance. The object is to make the fewest strokes possible. none 1 1 0 15028000 gymnastics A sport consisting of a variety of disciplines in which gymnasts perform artistic and acrobatic moves on different apparatus. There are 6 disciplines for men and 4 for women. none 1 1 0 15028001 floor exercise A gymnastics floor exercise on a 12m/sq matt. none 1 1 0 15028002 vault gymnasts propel themselves by jumping on a trampoline after running quickly down a 25m lane none 1 1 0 15028003 pommel horse Gymnasts perform an uninterrupted swing motion over a handled horse using balance and strength. none 1 1 0 15028004 uneven bars Gymnasts run through an airborne routine swinging around and between the uneven bars. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15028005 parallel bars Gymnasts swing and turn with guile and grace around the parallel bars. none 1 1 0 15028006 horizontal bar Gymnasts turn, spin and perform pirouettes around the horizontal bar. none 1 1 0 15028007 rings Gymnasts perform feats of balance and strength from two suspended rings. none 1 1 0 15028008 beam Gymnasts perform leaps and flips from the much feared balance beam just 10 cm wide. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15028009 rhythmic A mixture of dance and gymnastic moves. typo fixed in Name 17 1 0 15028010 clubs Dance and gymnastic moves whilst juggling clubs. none 1 1 0 15028011 hoop A hoop is rolled and thrown whilst performing a dance routine. none 1 1 0 15028012 ribbon Gymnasts work through a pre-arranged routine whilst manipulating a spectacular length of ribbon. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15028013 rope Jump and figure movements are performed while a rope is manipulated. none 1 1 0 15028014 ball An exercise based on suppleness of the body using a ball. none 1 1 0 15028015 trampoline Competitors perform complicated twists and turns whilst bouncing on the trampoline. none 1 1 0 15029000 handball (team) A ball game using the hands contested by two teams of seven trying to throw the ball into the opponents goal. none 1 1 0 15030000 horse racing, harness racing Mounted horse races. none 1 1 0 15030001 flat racing A horse race over a flat course. none 1 1 0 15030002 steeple chase A mounted horse race over at least eight classic obstacles, four of which must be different, such as the water jump, spruce fences, mud walls etc. none 1 1 0 15030003 trotting Horses pitched to a jockeyed buggy race in a trot round a flat course. none 1 1 0 15030004 cross country A long distance race including rustic obstacles such as real fences, streams and fallen trees. none 1 1 0 15031000 ice hockey Two teams of six heavily padded skaters try and outscore each other by hitting a puck into the opponents goal. none 1 1 0 15031001 National Hockey League (North American) Teams from the US and Canada make up the North American continents top league. none 1 1 0 15031002 sledge hockey Like ice hockey but instead of skates small sledges are used. Competitors move by pushing with the arms none 1 1 0 15032000 Jai Alai (Pelota) Because of the game organization, the proper identification of a specific game may require the combination of 2 subject details none 1 1 0 15032001 fronton The "fronton" known as "Fronton Place Libre" consists of a rectangular outdoor court plus a large pink shaped wall at one end. The two sides and the other end are left opened. none 1 1 0 15032002 jai-alai A "Jaï-Alai" is an indoor fronton with a 56 meters long court which is used exclusively to play "chistera-ancha". Three walls are used in the game: the front, the back and the left hand wall. none 1 1 0 15032003 left wall A "fronton with left hand wall" is an indoor fronton with a 36 meters long court where Pala or Main Nue are played. Three walls are used in the game: the front, the back and the left hand wall. none 1 1 0 15032004 trinquet A "Trinquet" is an indoor fronton with a 28.5 meters long court surrounded by four walls. The four walls are used in the game. none 1 1 0 15032005 rebot The "rebot" is the game played in a fronton "place libre" with 5 players in each team. They use a "chistera" (56 cm long and 12 cm large) or bare hands. none 1 1 0 15032006 chistera ancha The "chistera-ancha" also called the "cesta punta" is the game played in a "jaï alai" with 1 or 2 players in each team. The players use a long curved basket called the "chistera" (68 cm long and 13 cm wide). none 1 1 0 15032007 chistera corta The "chistera-corta" is the game played in a fronton "place libre" with left hand wall and 3 players in each team. The players use a long curved basket called the "chistera" (56 cm long and 12 cm wide). none 1 1 0 15032008 bare hand The "Main Nue" (bare hand) is the ancestor of all Basque sports. none 1 1 0 15032009 pala-ancha The "pala-ancha" is the game played in a fronton "place libre" with 2 players in each team. The players use a heavy wooden bat "the pala" (50 cm long and 20 cm wide). none 1 1 0 15032010 pala-corta The "pala-corta" is the game played in a fronton with left hand wall and 2 players in each team. The players use a heavy wooden bat the "pala-corta" (50 cm long and 10 cm wide). The "pala" is the name for a heavy wooden bat. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15032011 pasaka The "pasaka" is the name of the game played in a trinquet by teams of 2 players facing each other on each side of a net where the pelota is hit between opponents. none 1 1 0 15032012 xare The "xare", is the name of the game played in a trinquet by teams of 2 players. The players use a "xare" (or the Argentina bat) 55 cm long and 16 cm wide. none 1 1 0 15033000 judo A defensive martial art. none 1 1 0 15033001 heavyweight Open but usually over 100kg for men and over 78kg for women none 1 1 0 15033002 half-heavyweight Up to 100kg for men and 78kg for women. none 1 1 0 15033003 middleweight Up to 90kg for men and 70kg for women. none 1 1 0 15033004 half-middleweight UP to 81kg for men and 63kg for women. none 1 1 0 15033005 half-lightweight Up to 73kg for men and 57kg for women. none 1 1 0 15033006 lightweight up to 66kg for men and 52kg for women. none 1 1 0 15033007 extra lightweight Up to 60kg for men and 48kg for women. none 1 1 0 15034000 karate A martial art where chops, punches, kicks and throws are used to defeat an opponent. none 1 1 0 15034001 sparring Boxing without competition, with padded helmets none 1 1 0 15034002 formal exercise-DEPRECATED NA DEPRECATED in V 16 16 1 16 15035000 lacrosse Two teams of helmeted and padded players try and outscore each other using a netted stick and hard ball. none 1 1 0 15036000 luge Luge (French word for sled) is competed in singles or doubles. The competitor(s) lay on their back(s) on an open sled and race down a course. The competitor(s) and the sled must be in contact when passing the finishing line. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15036001 singles individual time trial event in a one seater luge none 1 1 0 15036002 doubles time trial for a twin berth luge none 1 1 0 15037000 marathon A road race where competitors run 42.195km, generally through city streets none 1 1 0 15038000 modern pentathlon The Modern Pentathlon comprises five events run over a single day in the following order: shooting, fencing, swimming, horse riding and running. none 1 1 0 15038001 running Pentathlon event none 1 1 0 15038002 shooting Pentathlon event none 1 1 0 15038003 swimming Pentathlon event none 1 1 0 15038004 fencing Pentathlon event none 1 1 0 15038005 showjumping Pentathlon event none 1 1 0 15039000 motor racing Motor racing where speed and trusty mechanics are key none 1 1 0 15039001 Formula One Single cockpit car racing where 20 or so competitors race head to head over varied circuits around the world to win Grand Prix points in an individual and constructors championship none 1 1 0 15039002 F3000 Using less powerful motors than the Formula One, designated construction teams race over varied circuits the world over in speed races for individual and team honours over a season. none 1 1 0 15039003 endurance Endurance races for a driver and co-pilot using specially built cars. none 1 1 0 15039004 Indy North American top range professional league speed racing over circuits. none 1 1 0 15039005 CART North American professional league speed racing. none 1 1 0 15039006 NHRA North American professional league speed racing. none 1 1 0 15039007 NASCAR North American professional league speed racing. none 1 1 0 15039008 TRUCKI North American professional league speed racing. none 1 1 0 15040000 motor rallying A season of endurance races over closed circuits including dirt tracks, roads and even snowy conditions featuring specials using adapted road cars with a driver and co-pilot. none 1 1 0 15040001 rallying Stage races none 1 1 0 15040002 pursuit Cross-country race with mass start, first half of the distance in classic and the other half in free style. changed name and added explanation in V15 15 1 0 15040003 rallycross Stage races over dirt tracks none 1 1 0 15041000 motorcycling Races with 2, 3 or 4 wheels vehicles with a saddle and handlebars none 1 1 0 15041001 speed-Grand-Prix A fast and furious race where every second counts none 1 1 0 15041002 enduro A race of speed, endurance and regularity over varied surfaces such as through forests and on dirt tracks none 1 1 0 15041003 grass-track A race competed on turf none 1 1 0 15041004 moto-ball Team sport where drivers play a ball none 1 1 0 15041005 moto-cross Raced over dirt tracks featuring severe mounds none 1 1 0 15041006 rallying Races run over regular roads none 1 1 0 15041007 trial A race of consistency and endurance over varied terrain none 1 1 0 15041008 endurance A road race of consistency and endurance none 1 1 0 15041009 superbike Engine size none 1 1 0 15041010 125 cm3 Engine size none 1 1 0 15041011 250 cm3 Engine size none 1 1 0 15041012 500 cm3 Engine size none 1 1 0 15041013 side-cars Of different engine sizes but attached to a side car featuring a passenger none 1 1 0 15041014 motoGP Capacity class 1000ccm none 12 12 0 15042000 netball A woman's sport similar to basketball without a board behind the basket typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15043000 nordic skiing Practiced in snowy countryside and based on power and endurance. There are classic and free style events with mass or staggered starts. none 1 1 0 15043001 cross-country Nordic ski race none 1 1 0 15043002 5 km classical time A 5km classic race in that the competitor keeps his skis parallel except on steep inclines where the scissor move is used none 1 1 0 15043003 10 km classical style A 10km classic race in that the competitor keeps his skis parallel except on steep inclines where the scissor move is used none 1 1 0 15043004 10 km pursuit free style Staggered start depending on positions with competitors using a skating like technique on skis none 1 1 0 15043005 15 km classical style A 15km race using the classical style of keeping skies parallel none 1 1 0 15043006 15 km pursuit free style 15km race with staggered start using free style technique similar to a skating motion none 1 1 0 15043007 10 km + 15 km combined 10km classic followed by 15km free-style race none 1 1 0 15043008 30 km classical style A 30km classic race in that the competitor keeps his skis parallel except on steep inclines where the scissor move is used none 1 1 0 15043009 30km free style A 30km free-style race where the most common style is the skate style where competitors slide and the skis do not need to be parallel none 1 1 0 15043010 50 km free style A 50km free style race where the most common style is the skate style where competitors slide and the skis do not need to be parallel none 1 1 0 15043011 4x5 km relay Teams of four competitors ski 5km each in relay fashion none 1 1 0 15043012 4x10 km relay Teams of four competitors ski 10km each in relay fashion typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15043013 nordic combined A two day competition combining the ski jump and a cross-country race. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15043014 raid NA none 1 1 0 15043015 5 km pursuit free style Cross-country skiing over a 5km course in a pursuit format none 1 1 0 15043016 1.5 km sprint free Cross-country skiing over a 1.5km course in a sprint format none 1 1 0 15043017 50 km classic style Cross-country skiing over a 50km course in a classic style format none 1 1 0 15044000 orienteering An individual time-trial over a route marked out by beacons. The competitor has to search out and find in a specific order. The contestant makes his way with the help of a compass and map none 1 1 0 15044001 ski orienteering An individual ski time-trial over a route marked out by beacons, that the competitor has to search out and find in a specific order. The contestant makes his way with the help of a compass and map none 1 1 0 15045000 polo With the aid of a mallet two teams of four horsemen try and knock a bamboo ball into the opponents goal over a pitch 250m long and 150m wide. The game is divided into 4, 6, or 8 time periods of 7min 30sec called chukkas. none 1 1 0 15046000 power boating Races between motor boats on rivers or lakes none 1 1 0 15046001 F1 Sprint race none 1 1 0 15046002 F2 Long distance race none 1 1 0 15047000 rowing Boat racing usually on flat calm waters with boats for 1, 2, 4 or 8 rowers none 1 1 0 15047001 single sculls Single person boats with two oars none 1 1 0 15047002 double sculls Two person boats with two oars each none 1 1 0 15047003 quadruple sculls Four person boats with two oars each and without a team mate to give directions none 1 1 0 15047004 coxless pair Two person boats with just one oar each and without a team mate to give directions none 1 1 0 15047005 coxless four Four person boats with just one oar each and without a team mate to give directions none 1 1 0 15047006 eight Eight person boats with just one oar each and without a team mate to give directions none 1 1 0 15047007 lightweight Where a weight category is imposed on competitors none 1 1 0 15048000 rugby league Two teams of 13 compete on a pitch where they score tries and penalties by running with and passing an oval ball to be touched down behind the goal line or kicked between goal posts in a tough physical contest none 1 1 0 15049000 rugby union Two teams of 15 compete on a pitch where they score tries and penalties by running with and passing an oval ball to be touched down behind the goal line or kicked between goal posts in a tough physical contest none 1 1 0 15049001 rugby 7 A more fun and exciting variety where two teams of 7 compete on a pitch where they score tries and penalties by running with and passing an oval ball to be touched down behind the goal line or kicked between goal posts in a tough physical contest none 1 1 0 15050000 sailing Sail boat racing over a route marked by buoys. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15050001 Tornado Boat Category: two man catamaran (21m/sq mainsail) Olympic sport none 1 1 0 15050002 soling Boat Category: three man keel boat none 1 1 0 15050003 49er Boat Category: two man dinghy (8.23m/sq mainsail) Olympic sport none 1 1 0 15050004 Europe Boat Category: one man dinghy (4.57m/sq mainsail) Olympic sport none 1 1 0 15050005 Laser Boat Category: one man dinghy (4.6m/sq mainsail) Olympic sport none 1 1 0 15050006 470 Boat Category: two man dinghy (7.10m/sq mainsail) Olympic sport none 1 1 0 15050007 Finn Boat Category: one man dinghy (10m/sq mainsail) Olympic sport none 1 1 0 15050008 Star Boat Category: two man keel boat (7.10m/sq mainsail) Olympic sport none 1 1 0 15050009 flying dutchmann Boat Category: two man dinghy none 1 1 0 15050010 505 Boat Category: two man dinghy none 1 1 0 15050011 staging race Sea racing none 1 1 0 15050012 around the world Open seas racing none 1 1 0 15050013 monohull Single hull craft none 1 1 0 15050014 multihulls Multi hull craft none 1 1 0 15050015 yngling Olympic boat-class. A race around different courses in a boat of 6.35 metres (20ft 10in) long and 1.73 metres (5ft 8in) wide, crewed in Olympic competition only by women. The number of races and the length of the courses varies. none 12 12 0 15050016 mistral Olympic boat class. A staged race using boats of the mistral type, which are 4.24 metres (13ft 11in) long and 1.3 metres (4ft 3in) wide. The number of races and the length of the courses varies. none 12 12 0 15051000 shooting Precision sport using a hand gun, rifle or shotgun none 1 1 0 15051001 10 m air rifle Shooting event none 1 1 0 15051002 10 m air pistol Shooting event none 1 1 0 15051003 10 m running target Shooting event none 1 1 0 15051004 25 m rapid fire pistol Shooting event none 1 1 0 15051005 25 m sport pistol Shooting event none 1 1 0 15051006 50 m free pistol Shooting event none 1 1 0 15051007 50 m free rifle prone Shooting event none 1 1 0 15051008 50 m free rifle 3x40 Shooting event none 1 1 0 15051009 50 m sport rifle 3x20 Shooting event none 1 1 0 15051010 trap Shooting event with moving targets none 1 1 0 15051011 double trap Shooting event with two moving targets launched at the same time none 1 1 0 15051012 skeet Shooting event with moving targets, competitor shoots from a series of positions none 1 1 0 15052000 ski jumping Competitors descend a snow covered elevated ramp on skis and try to fly off it as far as possible, receiving marks for distance, style of flight and landing typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15052001 K90 jump Competitors jump from 70m and must clear 90m distance in their jump before scoring points for it typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15052002 K120 jump Competitors jump from 90m and must clear 120m distance in their jump before scoring points for it none 1 1 0 15052003 K180 (flying jump) Competitors jump from 180m and must clear 180m in their jump before scoring points for it none 1 1 0 15053000 snow boarding Practiced with a single board (rather than two skis) none 1 1 0 15053001 giant slalom Knock-out head-to-head downhill racing none 1 1 0 15053002 half-pipe Over a semi-cylindrical tube of 100m competitors must perform a series of moves that are marked for style by 5 judges typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15054000 soccer Two teams of eleven try to kick or head a ball into the opponents goal over a match usually of 90 minutes none 1 1 0 15055000 softball Similar to baseball but with a larger and softer ball, a thinner bat, shorter gaps between bases and less innings typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15056000 speed skating Timed races competed by two skaters at a time on an oval ice track none 1 1 0 15056001 500 m Speed skating race over 500m none 1 1 0 15056002 1000 m Speed skating race over 1000m none 1 1 0 15056003 1500 m Speed skating race over 1500m none 1 1 0 15056004 3000 m Speed skating race over 3000m none 1 1 0 15056005 5000 m Speed skating race over 5000m none 1 1 0 15056006 10000 m Speed skating race over 10000m none 1 1 0 15056007 Short-track Races of four or more skaters on an oval ice track. Qualifying, semi-finals and finals determine winners. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15056008 st 500 m Short track speed skate race over 500m none 1 1 0 15056009 st 1000m Short track speed skate race over 1000m none 1 1 0 15056010 st 1500m Short track speed skate race over 1500m none 1 1 0 15056011 st 3000m Short track speed skate race over 3000m none 1 1 0 15056012 st 3000m relay Short track relay speed skate race over 3000m none 1 1 0 15056013 st 5000m Short track speed skate race over 5000m none 1 1 0 15056014 st 5000m relay Short track relay speed skate race over 5000m none 1 1 0 15057000 speedway Fast track none 1 1 0 15058000 sports organisations Organisations responsible for a specific sport typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15058001 IOC International Olympic Committee none 1 1 0 15058002 international federation A body responsible for the international coordination of a specific sport none 1 1 0 15058003 continental federation A body responsible for the continental coordination of a specific sport none 1 1 0 15058004 national federation A body responsible for the national coordination of a specific sport none 1 1 0 15058005 GAISF General Association of International Sports Federations none 1 1 0 15059000 squash A racket sport of strategy and endurance played by singles or doubles teams in a walled court with a small rubber ball typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15060000 sumo wrestling A combat sport of speed and rapidity with much ceremony where two contestants try to throw or slap a competitor out of a marked area. Generally practiced in Japan by large men. none 17 1 0 15061000 surfing Water sport where contestants catch and ride waves upright on a surfboard none 1 1 0 15062000 swimming A water sport where contestants swim as fast as possible in a given style and win races by being the first to touch home none 1 1 0 15062001 50 m freestyle Competitors cover 50m in any style, though front crawl is universally employed none 1 1 0 15062002 100 m freestyle Competitors cover 100m in any style, though front crawl is universally employed none 1 1 0 15062003 200 m freestyle Competitors cover 200m in any style, though front crawl is universally employed none 1 1 0 15062004 400 m freestyle Competitors cover 400m in any style, though front crawl is universally employed none 1 1 0 15062005 800 m freestyle Competitors cover 800m in any style, though front crawl is universally employed none 1 1 0 15062006 1500 m freestyle Competitors cover 1500m in any style, though front crawl is universally employed none 1 1 0 15062007 relay 4x50 m freestyle Teams of four swimmers cover 50m freestyle in a 200m race none 1 1 0 15062008 relay 4x100 m freestyle Teams of four swimmers cover 100m freestyle in a 400m race none 1 1 0 15062009 relay 4x200 m freestyle Teams of four swimmers cover 200m freestyle in a 800m race none 1 1 0 15062010 50 m backstroke Competitors cover 50m in the backstroke style none 1 1 0 15062011 100 m backstroke Competitors cover 100m in the backstroke style none 1 1 0 15062012 200 m backstroke Competitors cover 200m in the backstroke style none 1 1 0 15062013 50 m breaststroke A 50m race in the breaststroke style, on the front, effecting forward and outward push movements with the arms and backward and outward pushes with the legs none 1 1 0 15062014 100 m breaststroke A 100m race in the breaststroke style, on the front, effecting forward and outward push movements with the arms and backward and outward pushes with the legs none 1 1 0 15062015 200 m breaststroke A 200m race in the breaststroke style, on the front, effecting forward and outward push movements with the arms and backward and outward pushes with the legs none 1 1 0 15062016 50 m butterfly A 50m butterfly race, swum on the front with the shoulders remaining parallel to the water both arms moving in simultaneous windmill fashion, the legs remain together and are moved in a flapping motion. The most physical of all styles. none 1 1 0 15062017 100 m butterfly A 100m butterfly race, swum on the front with the shoulders remaining parallel to the water both arms moving in simultaneous windmill fashion, the legs remain together and are moved in a flapping motion. The most physical of all styles none 1 1 0 15062018 200 m butterfly A 200m butterfly race, swum on the front with the shoulders remaining parallel to the water both arms moving in simultaneous windmill fashion, the legs remain together and are moved in a flapping motion. The most physical of all styles none 1 1 0 15062019 100 m medley Swimmers complete four laps, each in a different style and in this order: butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke and freestyle, covering a total of 100m. none 1 1 0 15062020 200 m medley Swimmers complete four laps, each in a different style and in this order: butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke and freestyle, covering a total of 200m. none 1 1 0 15062021 400 m medley Swimmers complete eight laps, two in each style and in this order: butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke and freestyle, covering a total of 400m. none 1 1 0 15062022 relay 4x50 m medlay A relay team of four, each of whom completes a single lap and each in a different style in this order: backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle in a race of 200m total. none 1 1 0 15062023 relay4x100 m medley A relay team of four, each of whom completes two laps and each in a different style in this order: backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly and freestyle in a race of 400m total. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15062024 short course Races competed in a 25m length pool none 1 1 0 15062025 synchronised technical routine Contestants obtain points from 10 sitting judges by executing certain synchronised artistic shapes and movements in the water. In the technical programme, competitors must execute a range of specific moves in a given order. none 1 1 0 15062026 synchronised free routine In the free programme, music, movements and their order of execution are not restricted. none 1 1 0 15063000 table tennis A racket sport for two or four (in doubles), who compete at a table divided by a net using a small bat to play a lightweight ball typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15064000 Taekwon-Do A martial art of Korean origin none 1 1 0 15064001 under 49 kg Weight category none 1 1 0 15064002 under 58 kg Weight category none 1 1 0 15064003 49-57 kg Weight category none 1 1 0 15064004 58-68 kg Weight category none 1 1 0 15064005 57-67 kg Weight category none 1 1 0 15064006 68-80 kg Weight category none 1 1 0 15064007 over 67 kg Weight category none 1 1 0 15064008 over 80 kg Weight category none 1 1 0 15065000 tennis A sport where two players, four in doubles, equipped with a racket compete by hitting the ball over a net into the opponent's side of the court with the aim of putting it out of reach within the regulation lines, thus winning points. none 1 1 0 15065001 soft tennis Tennis with a soft rubber ball. (Programme of National Sports Festival in Japan) none 12 12 0 15066000 triathlon An endurance multi-sport where competitors first swim, then cycle and then run a road race. Distances vary according to the competition, the Olympic version being 1.5, 40 and 10km respectively. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15066001 triathlon swimming Triathlon event none 1 1 0 15066002 triathlon cycling Triathlon event none 1 1 0 15066003 triathlon run Triathlon event none 1 1 0 15067000 volleyball Two teams of six record points by hitting a ball over a net into the opponent's half of the court, keeping it in the air at all times. Points are won when opponents fail to return the ball. none 1 1 0 15067001 beach volleyball Two teams of two players compete on a sand court. Unlike indoor volleyball, points are scored only when the serving team wins a rally or forces an error. The sand surface makes it more physically demanding than volleyball. none 1 1 0 15068000 water polo Played in a pool between two teams of 7, who must stay afloat and can only use one hand to pass the ball or swim with it before trying to throw it into the opponents net to score goals. typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15069000 water skiing On one or two skis contestants are pulled by a power boat along the water's surface none 1 1 0 15069001 slalom Speed event where contestants round a course marked out by buoys typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15069002 trick Skiers perform a maximum of figures in a limited time period none 1 1 0 15069003 jump Skiers perform as long a jump as possible from a ramp in the water none 1 1 0 15069004 combined A combined event made up of the slalom, jump and trick none 1 1 0 15070000 weightlifting A strength test where competitors lift as heavy a weight as possible none 1 1 0 15070001 snatch The bar must be lifted from floor to above the head in one movement none 1 1 0 15070002 clean and jerk The bar is first lifted to the shoulders and then jerk it above the head and keep it there while maintaining straight legs none 1 1 0 15070003 48 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070004 53 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070005 63 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070006 75 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070007 over 75 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070008 56 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070009 62 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070010 69 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070011 77 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070012 85 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070013 94 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070014 105 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070015 over 105 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15070016 powerlifting A strength test where competitors lift as heavy a weight as possible none 1 1 0 15071000 windsurfing Contestants must complete a marked out course as fast as possible on a windsurf board none 1 1 0 15071001 ocean Races on the open seas none 1 1 0 15071002 lake Races competed on lakes none 1 1 0 15071003 river Races competed on rivers none 1 1 0 15071004 land Races competed on land with a board equipped with wheels typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15072000 wrestling Combat sport where each wrestler attempts to win over his adversary, by holding both shoulders on the ground (fall) long enough to be in control. Points can also be decisive. none 1 1 0 15072001 freestyle A style where leg holds are allowed none 1 1 0 15072002 greco-roman A style where the only holds allowed are those between the head and the belt none 1 1 0 15072003 over 130 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15072004 130 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15072005 97 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15072006 85 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15072007 76 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15072008 69 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15072009 63 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15072010 58 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15072011 54 kg Competitor weight category none 1 1 0 15072012 Swiss wrestling Traditional Swiss sport similar to wrestling with specific rules none 11 11 0 15073000 sports event Sports meeting none 1 1 0 15073001 Summer Olympics Summer Olympics none 1 1 0 15073002 Winter Olympics Winter Olympics none 1 1 0 15073003 Summer universiade Summer universiade none 1 1 0 15073004 Winter Universiade Winter Universiade none 1 1 0 15073005 Commonwealth Games Commonwealth Games none 1 1 0 15073006 Winter Goodwill Games Winter Goodwill Games none 1 1 0 15073007 Summer Asian Games Summer Asian Games none 1 1 0 15073008 Winter Asian Games Winter Asian Games none 1 1 0 15073009 Panamerican Games Panamerican Games none 1 1 0 15073010 African Games African Games none 1 1 0 15073011 Mediterranean Games Mediterranean Games none 1 1 0 15073012 SouthEast Asiatic Games SouthEast Asiatic Games none 1 1 0 15073013 PanPacific Games PanPacific Games none 1 1 0 15073014 SouthPacific Games SouthPacific Games none 1 1 0 15073015 PanArabic Games PanArabic Games none 1 1 0 15073016 Summer Goodwill Games Summer Goodwill Games none 1 1 0 15073017 World games A competition featuring world class athletes none 1 1 0 15073018 World Cup Sports meeting with competitors from the five continents none 1 1 0 15073019 intercontinental cup Sports meeting bringing together competitors from different continents typo fixed in Explanation 17 1 0 15073020 continental cup Sports meeting where competitors come from a single continent none 1 1 0 15073021 international cup Sports meeting where competitors come from several nations none 1 1 0 15073022 National Cup Sports meeting where competitors come from a single nation none 1 1 0 15073023 interregional cup Sports meeting where competitors come from several regions none 1 1 0 15073024 regional cup Sports meeting where competitors come from a single region none 1 1 0 15073025 league cup A competition within a sports league none 1 1 0 15073026 world championship A championship where competitors from the five continents take part none 1 1 0 15073027 intercontinental championship A championship where competitors from the different continents take part none 1 1 0 15073028 continental championship 1st level A championship where top level competitors from a single continent take part none 1 1 0 15073029 continental championship 2nd level A championship where second string competitors from a single continent take part none 1 1 0 15073030 continental championship 3rd level A championship where third string competitors from a single continent take part none 1 1 0 15073031 national championship 1st level A championship where top level competitors from a single nation take part none 1 1 0 15073032 national championship 2nd level A championship where second string competitors from a single continent take part none 1 1 0 15073033 national championship3rdlevel A championship where third string competitors from a single continent take part none 1 1 0 15073034 national championship 4th level A championship where fourth string competitors from a single continent take part none 1 1 0 15073035 regional championship A championship where competitors from a single region take part none 1 1 0 15073036 Grand Prix High level sports competition, most often motor racing none 1 1 0 15073037 intercontinental tournament Tournament where competitors from several continents take part none 1 1 0 15073038 continental tournament Tournament where competitors from a single continent take part none 1 1 0 15073039 international tournament Tournament where competitors from several nations take part none 1 1 0 15073040 national tournament Tournament where competitors from a single nation take part none 1 1 0 15073041 inter-nations competition Tournament where athletes from several nations take part none 1 1 0 15073042 inter-clubs competition Tournament where competitors from several clubs take part none 1 1 0 15073043 friendly competition Sports played but not in a tournament none 1 1 0 15073044 all-stars competition Competition between teams made up of invited stars none 1 1 0 15073045 exhibition demonstration none 1 1 0 15073046 Super Bowl The American football final that determines the champion none 9 9 0 15073047 paralympic games Olympic style Games for athletes with a disability none 15 15 0 15074000 rodeo A discipline where wild horses or bulls must be mounted and mastered none 1 1 0 15074001 barrel racing Rodeo discipline none 1 1 0 15074002 calf roping Rodeo discipline none 1 1 0 15074003 bull riding Rodeo discipline none 1 1 0 15074004 bulldogging Rodeo discipline none 1 1 0 15074005 saddle bronc Rodeo discipline none 1 1 0 15074006 bareback Rodeo discipline none 1 1 0 15074007 goat roping Rodeo discipline none 1 1 0 15075000 mini golf sport A game where balls must be holed on an artificial course in as few strokes from the club as possible none 1 1 0 15076000 bandy Played outdoors on ice. The size of the ice rink is about the size of a soccer field. Skates like ice hockey. A small hard ball is used for playing. Players play with sticks, much like in ice hockey, but the sticks are shorter and more rounded. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15077000 flying disc A group of events all played with a flying plastic disc. The exact regulation for the disc is different in different events but it has to be unbroken of solid plastic and a production model with no modification. Flying disc is sometimes called Frisbee. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15077001 ultimate Team game. Played outdoors on soccer-size field with 7 players per team and indoors with 5 players per team. Games are played to a preset number of goals. Goals are scored by passing the disc to a team-member catching it inside the goal area. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15077002 guts Team game where two teams of 5 players each face each other. Teams take turns to throw the disc towards the other team. Points are scored if the opposing team does not catch the disc. none 1 1 0 15077003 overall Not an event in itself but in most competitions with individual events the winner of the competition will be awarded to the player with the highest combined score in the events. none 1 1 0 15077004 distance The object is to throw the disc as far as possible. Each player get five throws per turn. Throws are made downwind. World record is over 200 meters. none 1 1 0 15077005 discathon The object is to throw and run a park course of about 1 kilometre. Four players compete in each heat. They have two discs each. They may also carry a third disc in reserve. Where one thrown disc stops the second disc must be thrown. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15077006 DDC Abbreviation for Double Disc Court. Two players per team in a square 13x13 metre. The teams start with one disc per team and throw at each other. Discs are thrown back and forth until one or both hit the ground. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15077007 SCF Abbreviation for Self Caught Flights. Divided into two sub events called MTA (Maximum Time Aloft) and TRC (Throw Run Catch). In both sub events the player throws a disc and then runs to catch it with one hand before it hits the ground. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15077008 freestyle A judged event where groups of two or three players perform as many tricks as possible. In competitions the judges can use either a ranking system or set scores on presentation, execution and difficulty. none 1 1 0 15077009 accuracy Each player has 28 throws from various distances and angles to throw the disc through a goal 1.5 x 1.5 meters. World record is 25 of 28 possible. none 1 1 0 15077010 disc golf Much like golf but played with discs instead of balls and clubs. Instead of a hole in the ground there is a metal basket with light metal chains to throw the disc at. Players often carry discs specialized for long throws, right or left bends. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15078000 floorball Played indoors in a court the size of a basketball court. 6 players per team, of which one is a who plays in a kneeling position without a stick like in ice hockey. The other players use plastic clubs and a light plastic ball to pass and shoot goals. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15079000 casting Using fishing equipment to hit a target and score points none 1 1 0 15080000 tug-of-war Two teams pulling against each other on a rope none 1 1 0 15081000 croquette Using mallets to hit a ball through hoops none 1 1 0 15082000 dog racing Dogs racing around a track none 1 1 0 15082001 sled Harnessed to a sled none 1 1 0 15082002 oval track Pursuing an artificial rabbit around an oval track none 1 1 0 15083000 skeleton In skeleton the competitor lays on his/hers stomach when racing down the course. The competitor must be on the sled when crossing the finishing line. The total time of all races in a competition is added together. Explanation shortened 17 1 0 15084000 Australian rules football Football played under Australian rules none 1 1 0 15085000 Canadian football Football played under Canadian rules none 1 1 0 15086000 duathlon Duathlon none 11 11 0 15087000 hornuss Swiss team sport with 16 or 18 men per team. A rubber puck is hit towards the field of the adversary team which tries to hit the puck in the air with a wooden board thrown in the air none 11 11 0 15088000 fist ball Men's team sport similar to volleyball (with a much lower net) executed mainly in gymnastics clubs none 11 11 0 15089000 inline skating Competitive sports using inline skates none 11 11 0 15090000 grass ski Alpine skiing on roller skis and grass none 11 11 0 15091000 snowbiking Individual sport on snow on a snow bike, the athlete has two mini skis, previous name: ski bob none 11 11 0 15092000 twirling Team competition with majorettes and a jury none 11 11 0 15093000 kendo Japanese traditional martial art using a bamboo sword, sometimes called Japanese fencing. (Programme of National Sports Festival in Japan) none 12 12 0 15094000 jukendo Japanese traditional martial art using a model rifle made of wood. "Juken" means a rifle or gun with blade (bayonet). (Programme of National Sports Festival in Japan) none 12 12 0 15095000 naginata Japanese traditional martial art using a pole sword made of wood. "Naginata" means a spear with a curved blade. (Programme of National Sports Festival in Japan) none 12 12 0 15096000 kyudo Japanese traditional martial art using a bamboo bow and arrows, sometimes called Japanese archery. (Programme of National Sports Festival in Japan) none 12 12 0 15097000 kabaddi The attacking side scores by touching, and the side to guard scores by capturing. The attacker continues calling it "kabaddi". none 12 12 0 15098000 sepak takraw The game like volleyball which must not use a hand. The ball made of rattan is used. (Programme of National Sports Festival in Japan) none 12 12 0 15099000 wushu Generally, Chinese traditional martial art. (Programme of National Sports Festival in Japan) none 12 12 0 15100000 darts Two players compete by throwing metal darts at a wall-mounted circular board divided radially into segments of different scores none 17 17 0 15101000 bodybuilding A person displays pronounced muscle tone and exaggerated muscle mass and definition for overall aesthetic effect none 17 17 0 15102000 sports disciplinary action Actions, including fines and suspensions levied by sports organisations and teams none 18 18 0 15103000 sports awards Awards and honors given by sports organisations or won by sports figures none 18 18 0 16000000 unrest, conflicts and war Acts of socially or politically motivated protest and/or violence. none 1 1 0 16001000 act of terror Act of violence, often deadly, designed to raise fear and anxiety in a population none 1 1 0 16002000 armed conflict Disputes between opposing groups involving the use of weaponry, but not formally declared a war none 1 1 0 16003000 civil unrest Dissatisfaction among the general population as evidenced by rallies, strikes, demonstrations or sabotage none 1 1 0 16003001 revolutions An often violent change in a nation's system of government by internal forces that results in systematic social change. none 9 9 0 16003002 rebellions Armed uprising by citizens of a nation with the intent to overthrow the government, without necessarily achieving social change none 9 9 0 16003003 political dissent Disagreement between political groups, usually organized and sometimes resulting in imprisonment of the dissenters none 9 9 0 16003004 religious conflict Conflicts involving religious differences none 9 9 0 16003005 social conflict Conflicts involving social differences none 9 9 0 16004000 coup d'etat The overthrow of an established government by an organized group, often the military or a political party none 1 1 0 16005000 guerrilla activity Anti-government actions by clandestine groups using hit-and-run techniques or sabotage, kidnapping and the like none 1 1 0 16005001 bioterrorism Use of biological agent to raise the level of fear within a population, whether deaths occur or not. none 9 9 0 16005002 bombings Use of explosive devices against people, buildings or structures none 9 9 0 16006000 massacre The death of a large group of people over a brief period of time none 1 1 0 16006001 genocide Systematic killing of one clan, tribe or ethnic type by another none 9 9 0 16007000 riots Violent, destructive demonstrations often involving injury to individuals and destruction of property none 1 1 0 16008000 demonstration A public show of feeling or opinion, as by a mass meeting or parade to version 9: violent demonstration 11 11 0 16009000 war A formal declaration of hostilities by one country against another none 1 1 0 16009001 civil war Armed conflict between members of the same nation or geographical region, in some cases with a desire to divide the nation or region. none 9 9 0 16009002 international military intervention Temporary use of international forces by invitation or by a decision of an outside body in another country or region for the purpose of resolving a crisis. none 9 9 0 16009003 prisoners and detainees People captured and imprisoned by their enemy during war or armed conflict none 11 11 0 16010000 conflict (general) A dispute which can be at several levels, none 1 1 0 16010001 peacekeeping force Varied national military forces under unified international command to maintain order in disputed areas. none 15 15 0 16011000 crisis Conflict of all kinds that rises to a level where, depending on events, governments can fall, war be declared or stock markets crash, or not none 1 1 0 16012000 weaponry Armaments of all types used to conduct war none 1 1 0 17000000 weather The study, reporting and prediction of meteorological phenomena. none 1 1 0 17001000 forecast Prediction of the course of the weather in the future either near term or long term none 1 1 0 17002000 global change The determination whether the Earth is getting warm, or colder, whether seas are rising or falling and the like none 1 1 0 17003000 report Any distributed announcement about the weather none 1 1 0 17003001 weather news General information about weather events none 12 12 0 17004000 statistic Numerical facts about the weather such as temperature, barometric pressure, river levels, humidity, high and low tides and the like none 1 1 0 17005000 warning Alerts to the general populace about severe weather coming their way none 1 1 0