diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index a286a4a3b..b8e9e12d2 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2013-2024, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2013-2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ MAKEOVERRIDES =
 
 MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY := make_helpers/
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_macros.mk
-include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_env.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build-rules.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}common.mk
 
@@ -99,15 +98,15 @@ endif
 
 # Variables for use with Certificate Generation Tool
 CRTTOOLPATH		?=	tools/cert_create
-CRTTOOL			?=	${CRTTOOLPATH}/cert_create${BIN_EXT}
+CRTTOOL			?=	${CRTTOOLPATH}/cert_create$(.exe)
 
 # Variables for use with Firmware Encryption Tool
 ENCTOOLPATH		?=	tools/encrypt_fw
-ENCTOOL			?=	${ENCTOOLPATH}/encrypt_fw${BIN_EXT}
+ENCTOOL			?=	${ENCTOOLPATH}/encrypt_fw$(.exe)
 
 # Variables for use with Firmware Image Package
 FIPTOOLPATH		?=	tools/fiptool
-FIPTOOL			?=	${FIPTOOLPATH}/fiptool${BIN_EXT}
+FIPTOOL			?=	${FIPTOOLPATH}/fiptool$(.exe)
 
 # Variables for use with sptool
 SPTOOLPATH		?=	tools/sptool
@@ -1646,29 +1645,17 @@ endif #(CHECKPATCH)
 
 clean:
 	$(s)echo "  CLEAN"
-	$(call SHELL_REMOVE_DIR,${BUILD_PLAT})
-ifdef UNIX_MK
+	$(q)rm -rf $(BUILD_PLAT)
 	$(q)${MAKE} --no-print-directory -C ${FIPTOOLPATH} clean
-else
-# Clear the MAKEFLAGS as we do not want
-# to pass the gnumake flags to nmake.
-	$(q)set MAKEFLAGS= && ${MSVC_NMAKE} /nologo /f ${FIPTOOLPATH}/Makefile.msvc FIPTOOLPATH=$(subst /,\,$(FIPTOOLPATH)) FIPTOOL=$(subst /,\,$(FIPTOOL)) clean
-endif #(UNIX_MK)
 	$(q)${MAKE} PLAT=${PLAT} --no-print-directory -C ${CRTTOOLPATH} clean
 	$(q)${MAKE} PLAT=${PLAT} --no-print-directory -C ${ENCTOOLPATH} clean
 	$(q)${MAKE} --no-print-directory -C ${ROMLIBPATH} clean
 
 realclean distclean:
 	$(s)echo "  REALCLEAN"
-	$(call SHELL_REMOVE_DIR,${BUILD_BASE})
-	$(call SHELL_DELETE_ALL, ${CURDIR}/cscope.*)
-ifdef UNIX_MK
+	$(q)rm -rf $(BUILD_BASE)
+	$(q)rm -rf $(CURDIR)/cscope.*
 	$(q)${MAKE} --no-print-directory -C ${FIPTOOLPATH} clean
-else
-# Clear the MAKEFLAGS as we do not want
-# to pass the gnumake flags to nmake.
-	$(q)set MAKEFLAGS= && ${MSVC_NMAKE} /nologo /f ${FIPTOOLPATH}/Makefile.msvc FIPTOOLPATH=$(subst /,\,$(FIPTOOLPATH)) FIPTOOL=$(subst /,\,$(FIPTOOL)) realclean
-endif #(UNIX_MK)
 	$(q)${MAKE} PLAT=${PLAT} --no-print-directory -C ${CRTTOOLPATH} realclean
 	$(q)${MAKE} PLAT=${PLAT} --no-print-directory -C ${ENCTOOLPATH} realclean
 	$(q)${MAKE} --no-print-directory -C ${ROMLIBPATH} clean
@@ -1753,25 +1740,14 @@ fip: ${BUILD_PLAT}/${FIP_NAME}
 fwu_fip: ${BUILD_PLAT}/${FWU_FIP_NAME}
 
 ${FIPTOOL}: FORCE
-ifdef UNIX_MK
 	$(q)${MAKE} PLAT=${PLAT} CPPFLAGS="-DVERSION='\"${VERSION_STRING}\"'" FIPTOOL=${FIPTOOL} OPENSSL_DIR=${OPENSSL_DIR} DEBUG=${DEBUG} --no-print-directory -C ${FIPTOOLPATH} all
-else
-# Clear the MAKEFLAGS as we do not want
-# to pass the gnumake flags to nmake.
-	$(q)set MAKEFLAGS= && ${MSVC_NMAKE} /nologo /f ${FIPTOOLPATH}/Makefile.msvc FIPTOOLPATH=$(subst /,\,$(FIPTOOLPATH)) FIPTOOL=$(subst /,\,$(FIPTOOL))
-endif #(UNIX_MK)
 
 $(BUILD_PLAT)/romlib/romlib.bin $(BUILD_PLAT)/lib/libwrappers.a $&: $(BUILD_PLAT)/lib/libfdt.a $(BUILD_PLAT)/lib/libc.a $(CRYPTO_LIB)
 	$(q)${MAKE} PLAT_DIR=${PLAT_DIR} BUILD_PLAT=${BUILD_PLAT} ENABLE_BTI=${ENABLE_BTI} CRYPTO_SUPPORT=${CRYPTO_SUPPORT} ARM_ARCH_MINOR=${ARM_ARCH_MINOR} INCLUDES=$(call escape-shell,$(INCLUDES)) DEFINES=$(call escape-shell,$(DEFINES)) --no-print-directory -C ${ROMLIBPATH} all
 
 memmap: all
-ifdef UNIX_MK
 	$(q)PYTHONPATH=${CURDIR}/tools/memory \
 		${PYTHON} -m memory.memmap -sr ${BUILD_PLAT}
-else
-	$(q)set PYTHONPATH=${CURDIR}/tools/memory && \
-		${PYTHON} -m memory.memmap -sr ${BUILD_PLAT}
-endif
 
 tl: ${BUILD_PLAT}/tl.bin
 ${BUILD_PLAT}/tl.bin: ${HW_CONFIG}
diff --git a/make_helpers/build_env.mk b/make_helpers/build_env.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 13acaae4a..000000000
--- a/make_helpers/build_env.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2016-2024, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
-#
-
-# This file contains the logic to identify and include any relevant
-# build environment specific make include files.
-
-ifndef BUILD_ENV_MK
-    BUILD_ENV_MK        :=      $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
-
-    # Block possible built-in command definitions that are not fully portable.
-    # This traps occurences that need replacing with our OS portable macros
-    COPY                :=      $$(error "Replace COPY with call to SHELL_COPY or SHELL_COPY_TREE.")
-    CP                  :=      $$(error "Replace CP with call to SHELL_COPY or SHELL_COPY_TREE.")
-    DEL                 :=      $$(error "Replace DEL with call to SHELL_DELETE.")
-    RD                  :=      $$(error "Replace RD with call to SHELL_REMOVE_DIR.")
-    RM                  :=      $$(error "Replace RM with call to SHELL_DELETE.")
-    RMDIR               :=      $$(error "Replace RMDIR with call to SHELL_REMOVE_DIR.")
-
-    ENV_FILE_TO_INCLUDE := unix.mk
-    ifdef OSTYPE
-        ifneq ($(findstring ${OSTYPE}, cygwin),)
-            ENV_FILE_TO_INCLUDE := cygwin.mk
-        else
-            ifneq ($(findstring ${OSTYPE}, MINGW32 mingw msys),)
-                ENV_FILE_TO_INCLUDE := msys.mk
-            endif
-        endif
-    else
-        ifdef MSYSTEM
-            # Although the MINGW MSYS shell sets OSTYPE as msys in its environment,
-            # it does not appear in the GNU make view of environment variables.
-            # We use MSYSTEM as an alternative, as that is seen by make
-            ifneq ($(findstring ${MSYSTEM}, MINGW32 mingw msys),)
-                OSTYPE ?= msys
-                ENV_FILE_TO_INCLUDE := msys.mk
-            endif
-        else
-            ifdef OS
-                ifneq ($(findstring ${OS}, Windows_NT),)
-                    ENV_FILE_TO_INCLUDE := windows.mk
-                endif
-            endif
-        endif
-    endif
-    include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))${ENV_FILE_TO_INCLUDE}
-    ENV_FILE_TO_INCLUDE :=
-
-    ifndef SHELL_COPY
-        $(error "SHELL_COPY not defined for build environment.")
-    endif
-    ifndef SHELL_COPY_TREE
-        $(error "SHELL_COPY_TREE not defined for build environment.")
-    endif
-    ifndef SHELL_DELETE_ALL
-        $(error "SHELL_DELETE_ALL not defined for build environment.")
-    endif
-    ifndef SHELL_DELETE
-        $(error "SHELL_DELETE not defined for build environment.")
-    endif
-    ifndef SHELL_REMOVE_DIR
-        $(error "SHELL_REMOVE_DIR not defined for build environment.")
-    endif
-
-endif
diff --git a/make_helpers/common.mk b/make_helpers/common.mk
index 848e4e944..a4b69c74b 100644
--- a/make_helpers/common.mk
+++ b/make_helpers/common.mk
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2024, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2024-2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
@@ -14,4 +14,6 @@ ifndef common-mk
 
         s := @$(if $(or $(verbose),$(silent)),: )
         q := $(if $(verbose),,@)
+
+        .exe := $(if $(filter Windows_NT,$(OS)),.exe)
 endif
diff --git a/make_helpers/cygwin.mk b/make_helpers/cygwin.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 04a963ff3..000000000
--- a/make_helpers/cygwin.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2016, ARM Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
-#
-#
-
-# OS specific definitions for builds in a Cygwin environment.
-# Cygwin allows us to use unix style commands on a windows platform.
-
-ifndef CYGWIN_MK
-    CYGWIN_MK := $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
-
-    include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}unix.mk
-
-    # In cygwin executable files have the Windows .exe extension type.
-    BIN_EXT := .exe
-
-endif
diff --git a/make_helpers/msys.mk b/make_helpers/msys.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e60d57f6..000000000
--- a/make_helpers/msys.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2016, ARM Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
-#
-#
-
-# OS specific definitions for builds in a Mingw32 MSYS environment.
-# Mingw32 allows us to use some unix style commands on a windows platform.
-
-ifndef MSYS_MK
-    MSYS_MK := $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
-
-    include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}unix.mk
-
-    # In MSYS executable files have the Windows .exe extension type.
-    BIN_EXT := .exe
-
-endif
-
diff --git a/make_helpers/toolchain.mk b/make_helpers/toolchain.mk
index 2ab577cd1..3b9d984e7 100644
--- a/make_helpers/toolchain.mk
+++ b/make_helpers/toolchain.mk
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2023-2024, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2023-2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 ifndef toolchain-mk
         toolchain-mk := $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
 
-        include $(dir $(toolchain-mk))build_env.mk
         include $(dir $(toolchain-mk))utilities.mk
 
         #
@@ -242,28 +241,28 @@ ifndef toolchain-mk
         #
 
         # Arm Compiler for Embedded
-        toolchain-guess-tool-arm-clang = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "Tool: armclang")
-        toolchain-guess-tool-arm-link = $(shell $(1) --help 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "Tool: armlink")
-        toolchain-guess-tool-arm-fromelf = $(shell $(1) --help 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "Tool: fromelf")
-        toolchain-guess-tool-arm-ar = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "Tool: armar")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-arm-clang = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "Tool: armclang")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-arm-link = $(shell $(1) --help 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "Tool: armlink")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-arm-fromelf = $(shell $(1) --help 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "Tool: fromelf")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-arm-ar = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "Tool: armar")
 
         # LLVM Project
-        toolchain-guess-tool-llvm-clang = $(shell $(1) -v 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "clang version")
-        toolchain-guess-tool-llvm-lld = $(shell $(1) --help 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "OVERVIEW: lld")
-        toolchain-guess-tool-llvm-objcopy = $(shell $(1) --help 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "llvm-objcopy tool")
-        toolchain-guess-tool-llvm-objdump = $(shell $(1) --help 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "llvm object file dumper")
-        toolchain-guess-tool-llvm-ar = $(shell $(1) --help 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "LLVM Archiver")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-llvm-clang = $(shell $(1) -v 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "clang version")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-llvm-lld = $(shell $(1) --help 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "OVERVIEW: lld")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-llvm-objcopy = $(shell $(1) --help 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "llvm-objcopy tool")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-llvm-objdump = $(shell $(1) --help 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "llvm object file dumper")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-llvm-ar = $(shell $(1) --help 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "LLVM Archiver")
 
         # GNU Compiler Collection & GNU Binary Utilities
-        toolchain-guess-tool-gnu-gcc = $(shell $(1) -v 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "gcc version")
-        toolchain-guess-tool-gnu-ld = $(shell $(1) -v 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "GNU ld")
-        toolchain-guess-tool-gnu-objcopy = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "GNU objcopy")
-        toolchain-guess-tool-gnu-objdump = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "GNU objdump")
-        toolchain-guess-tool-gnu-ar = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "GNU ar")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-gnu-gcc = $(shell $(1) -v 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "gcc version")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-gnu-ld = $(shell $(1) -v 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "GNU ld")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-gnu-objcopy = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "GNU objcopy")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-gnu-objdump = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "GNU objdump")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-gnu-ar = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "GNU ar")
 
         # Other tools
-        toolchain-guess-tool-generic-dtc = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 <$(nul) | grep -o "Version: DTC")
-        toolchain-guess-tool-generic-poetry = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 <$(nul))
+        toolchain-guess-tool-generic-dtc = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 </dev/null | grep -o "Version: DTC")
+        toolchain-guess-tool-generic-poetry = $(shell $(1) --version 2>&1 </dev/null)
 
         toolchain-guess-tool = $(if $(2),$(firstword $(foreach candidate,$(1),$\
                 $(if $(call toolchain-guess-tool-$(candidate),$(2)),$(candidate)))))
@@ -330,17 +329,17 @@ ifndef toolchain-mk
 
         toolchain-derive-llvm-clang-cpp = $(1)
         toolchain-derive-llvm-clang-as = $(1)
-        toolchain-derive-llvm-clang-ld = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name ld.lld 2>$(nul))
-        toolchain-derive-llvm-clang-oc = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name llvm-objcopy 2>$(nul))
-        toolchain-derive-llvm-clang-od = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name llvm-objdump 2>$(nul))
-        toolchain-derive-llvm-clang-ar = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name llvm-ar 2>$(nul))
+        toolchain-derive-llvm-clang-ld = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name ld.lld 2>/dev/null)
+        toolchain-derive-llvm-clang-oc = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name llvm-objcopy 2>/dev/null)
+        toolchain-derive-llvm-clang-od = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name llvm-objdump 2>/dev/null)
+        toolchain-derive-llvm-clang-ar = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name llvm-ar 2>/dev/null)
 
         toolchain-derive-gnu-gcc-cpp = $(1)
         toolchain-derive-gnu-gcc-as = $(1)
         toolchain-derive-gnu-gcc-ld = $(1)
-        toolchain-derive-gnu-gcc-oc = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name objcopy 2>$(nul))
-        toolchain-derive-gnu-gcc-od = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name objdump 2>$(nul))
-        toolchain-derive-gnu-gcc-ar = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name ar 2>$(nul))
+        toolchain-derive-gnu-gcc-oc = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name objcopy 2>/dev/null)
+        toolchain-derive-gnu-gcc-od = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name objdump 2>/dev/null)
+        toolchain-derive-gnu-gcc-ar = $(shell $(1) --print-prog-name ar 2>/dev/null)
 
         toolchain-derive = $(if $3,$(call toolchain-derive-$1-$2,$3))
 
diff --git a/make_helpers/unix.mk b/make_helpers/unix.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index fa7722a6c..000000000
--- a/make_helpers/unix.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2016-2024, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
-#
-
-# Trusted Firmware shell command definitions for a Unix style environment.
-
-ifndef UNIX_MK
-    UNIX_MK := $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
-
-    DIR_DELIM := /
-    PATH_SEP := :
-
-    # These defines provide Unix style equivalents of the shell commands
-    # required by the Trusted Firmware build environment.
-
-    # ${1} is the file to be copied.
-    # ${2} is the destination file name.
-    define SHELL_COPY
-	$(q)cp -f  "${1}"  "${2}"
-    endef
-
-    # ${1} is the directory to be copied.
-    # ${2} is the destination directory path.
-    define SHELL_COPY_TREE
-	$(q)cp -rf  "${1}"  "${2}"
-    endef
-
-    # ${1} is the file to be deleted.
-    define SHELL_DELETE
-	-$(q)rm -f  "${1}"
-    endef
-
-    # ${1} is a space delimited list of files to be deleted.
-    # Note that we do not quote ${1}, as multiple parameters may be passed.
-    define SHELL_DELETE_ALL
-	-$(q)rm -rf  ${1}
-    endef
-
-    define SHELL_REMOVE_DIR
-	-$(q)rm -rf  "${1}"
-    endef
-
-    nul := /dev/null
-
-    which = $(shell command -v $(call escape-shell,$(1)) 2>$(nul))
-endif
diff --git a/make_helpers/utilities.mk b/make_helpers/utilities.mk
index fcccd2406..10645bfb4 100644
--- a/make_helpers/utilities.mk
+++ b/make_helpers/utilities.mk
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2024, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2024-2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
@@ -127,3 +127,17 @@ bool-01 = $(if $(call bool,$(1)),1,0)
 #
 
 defined = $(call bool,$(filter-out undefined,$(origin $(1))))
+
+#
+# Determine the path to a program.
+#
+# Parameters:
+#
+#   - $(1): The program to search for.
+#
+# Example usage:
+#
+#     path-to-gcc := $(call which,gcc) # "/usr/bin/gcc"
+#
+
+which = $(shell command -v $(call escape-shell,$(1)) 2>/dev/null)
diff --git a/make_helpers/windows.mk b/make_helpers/windows.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index c24aa0843..000000000
--- a/make_helpers/windows.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2016-2024, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
-#
-
-# OS specific parts for builds in a Windows_NT environment. The
-# environment variable OS is set to Windows_NT on all modern Windows platforms
-
-# Include generic windows command definitions.
-
-ifndef WINDOWS_MK
-    WINDOWS_MK := $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST))
-
-    DIR_DELIM := $(strip \)
-    BIN_EXT   := .exe
-    PATH_SEP  := ;
-
-    # For some Windows native commands there is a problem with the directory delimiter.
-    # Make uses / (slash) and the commands expect \ (backslash)
-    # We have to provide a means of translating these, so we define local functions.
-
-    # ${1} is the file to be copied.
-    # ${2} is the destination file name.
-    define SHELL_COPY
-	$(eval tmp_from_file:=$(subst /,\,${1}))
-	$(eval tmp_to_file:=$(subst /,\,${2}))
-	copy "${tmp_from_file}" "${tmp_to_file}"
-    endef
-
-    # ${1} is the directory to be copied.
-    # ${2} is the destination directory path.
-    define SHELL_COPY_TREE
-	$(eval tmp_from_dir:=$(subst /,\,${1}))
-	$(eval tmp_to_dir:=$(subst /,\,${2}))
-	xcopy /HIVE "${tmp_from_dir}" "${tmp_to_dir}"
-    endef
-
-    # ${1} is the file to be deleted.
-    define SHELL_DELETE
-	$(eval tmp_del_file:=$(subst /,\,${*}))
-	-@if exist $(tmp_del_file)  del /Q $(tmp_del_file)
-    endef
-
-    # ${1} is a space delimited list of files to be deleted.
-    define SHELL_DELETE_ALL
-	$(eval $(foreach filename,$(wildcard ${1}),$(call DELETE_IF_THERE,${filename})))
-    endef
-
-    # ${1} is the directory to be removed.
-    define SHELL_REMOVE_DIR
-	$(eval tmp_dir:=$(subst /,\,${1}))
-	-@if exist "$(tmp_dir)"  rd /Q /S "$(tmp_dir)"
-    endef
-
-    nul := nul
-
-    which = $(shell where "$(1)" 2>$(nul))
-endif
-
-# Because git is not available from CMD.EXE, we need to avoid
-# the BUILD_STRING generation which uses git.
-# For now we use "development build".
-# This can be overridden from the command line or environment.
-BUILD_STRING ?= development build
-
-MSVC_NMAKE := nmake.exe
diff --git a/plat/arm/board/a5ds/platform.mk b/plat/arm/board/a5ds/platform.mk
index dd82a1035..6d60cbe7a 100644
--- a/plat/arm/board/a5ds/platform.mk
+++ b/plat/arm/board/a5ds/platform.mk
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2019-2023, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2019-2025, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
@@ -75,9 +75,7 @@ BL2_SOURCES		+=	lib/aarch32/arm32_aeabi_divmod.c		\
 				${DYN_CFG_SOURCES}				\
 				${A5DS_SECURITY_SOURCES}
 
-# Add the FDT_SOURCES and options for Dynamic Config (only for Unix env)
-ifdef UNIX_MK
-
+# Add the FDT_SOURCES and options for Dynamic Config
 FW_CONFIG	:=      ${BUILD_PLAT}/fdts/a5ds_fw_config.dtb
 TB_FW_CONFIG	:=	${BUILD_PLAT}/fdts/a5ds_tb_fw_config.dtb
 
@@ -94,7 +92,6 @@ $(eval $(call TOOL_ADD_PAYLOAD,${FVP_HW_CONFIG},--hw-config,${FVP_HW_CONFIG}))
 FDT_SOURCES		+=	plat/arm/board/a5ds/fdts/a5ds_fw_config.dts \
 				plat/arm/board/a5ds/fdts/a5ds_tb_fw_config.dts \
 					${FVP_HW_CONFIG_DTS}
-endif
 
 NEED_BL32 := yes
 
diff --git a/plat/arm/board/fvp/platform.mk b/plat/arm/board/fvp/platform.mk
index 08fbfeef2..715af6606 100644
--- a/plat/arm/board/fvp/platform.mk
+++ b/plat/arm/board/fvp/platform.mk
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2013-2024, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2013-2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
@@ -338,7 +338,6 @@ BL31_SOURCES		+=	drivers/delay_timer/generic_delay_timer.c
 endif
 
 # Add the FDT_SOURCES and options for Dynamic Config (only for Unix env)
-ifdef UNIX_MK
 FVP_HW_CONFIG_DTS	:=	fdts/${FVP_DT_PREFIX}.dts
 
 FDT_SOURCES		+=	${FVP_HW_CONFIG_DTS}
@@ -390,7 +389,6 @@ endif
 
 # Add the HW_CONFIG to FIP and specify the same to certtool
 $(eval $(call TOOL_ADD_PAYLOAD,${FVP_HW_CONFIG},--hw-config,${FVP_HW_CONFIG}))
-endif
 
 ifeq (${TRANSFER_LIST}, 1)
 include lib/transfer_list/transfer_list.mk
diff --git a/plat/nxp/soc-lx2160a/ddr_fip.mk b/plat/nxp/soc-lx2160a/ddr_fip.mk
index c303cedb0..c1f14dc14 100644
--- a/plat/nxp/soc-lx2160a/ddr_fip.mk
+++ b/plat/nxp/soc-lx2160a/ddr_fip.mk
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #
 # Copyright 2020 NXP
+# Copyright (c) 2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ include plat/nxp/soc-lx2160a/ddr_tbbr.mk
 
 # Variables for use with Certificate Generation Tool
 CRTTOOLPATH	?=	tools/cert_create
-CRTTOOL		?=	${CRTTOOLPATH}/cert_create${BIN_EXT}
+CRTTOOL		?=	${CRTTOOLPATH}/cert_create$(.exe)
 
 ifneq (${GENERATE_COT},0)
 ddr_certificates: ${DDR_CRT_DEPS} ${CRTTOOL}
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ endif
 
 # Variables for use with Firmware Image Package
 FIPTOOLPATH	?=	tools/fiptool
-FIPTOOL		?=	${FIPTOOLPATH}/fiptool${BIN_EXT}
+FIPTOOL		?=	${FIPTOOLPATH}/fiptool$(.exe)
 
 ${BUILD_PLAT}/${DDR_FIP_NAME}: ${DDR_FIP_DEPS} ${FIPTOOL}
 	$(eval ${CHECK_DDR_FIP_CMD})
diff --git a/plat/st/common/common.mk b/plat/st/common/common.mk
index 7395a3678..dc753a0a1 100644
--- a/plat/st/common/common.mk
+++ b/plat/st/common/common.mk
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #
 # Copyright (c) 2023-2024, STMicroelectronics - All Rights Reserved
+# Copyright (c) 2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ ASFLAGS				+=	-DBL2_BIN_PATH=\"${BUILD_PLAT}/bl2.bin\"
 
 # Variables for use with stm32image
 STM32IMAGEPATH			?=	tools/stm32image
-STM32IMAGE			?=	${STM32IMAGEPATH}/stm32image${BIN_EXT}
+STM32IMAGE			?=	${STM32IMAGEPATH}/stm32image$(.exe)
 STM32IMAGE_SRC			:=	${STM32IMAGEPATH}/stm32image.c
 STM32_DEPS			+=	${STM32IMAGE}
 
diff --git a/tools/amlogic/Makefile b/tools/amlogic/Makefile
index 7bfee7d7c..cdaf7e711 100644
--- a/tools/amlogic/Makefile
+++ b/tools/amlogic/Makefile
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #
 # Copyright (C) 2019 Remi Pommarel <repk@triplefau.lt>
+# Copyright (c) 2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier:     BSD-3-Clause
 # https://spdx.org/licenses
@@ -7,11 +8,10 @@
 
 MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY := ../../make_helpers/
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_macros.mk
-include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_env.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}common.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}toolchain.mk
 
-PROJECT := doimage${BIN_EXT}
+PROJECT := doimage$(.exe)
 OBJECTS := doimage.o
 
 HOSTCCFLAGS := -Wall -Werror -pedantic -std=c99 -D_GNU_SOURCE
@@ -38,6 +38,6 @@ ${PROJECT}: ${OBJECTS} Makefile
 	$(q)$(host-cc) -c ${HOSTCCFLAGS} $< -o $@
 
 clean:
-	$(call SHELL_DELETE_ALL, ${PROJECT} ${OBJECTS})
+	$(q)rm -rf $(PROJECT) $(OBJECTS)
 
 distclean: clean
diff --git a/tools/cert_create/Makefile b/tools/cert_create/Makefile
index ce12a6605..e403b2d20 100644
--- a/tools/cert_create/Makefile
+++ b/tools/cert_create/Makefile
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2015-2024, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2015-2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
 
 PLAT		:= none
 DEBUG		:= 0
-CRTTOOL		?= cert_create${BIN_EXT}
+CRTTOOL		?= cert_create$(.exe)
 BINARY		:= $(notdir ${CRTTOOL})
 COT		:= tbbr
 
 MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY := ../../make_helpers/
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_macros.mk
-include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_env.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}common.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}defaults.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}toolchain.mk
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ ifeq ($(DEBUG),1)
 endif
 
 clean:
-	$(call SHELL_DELETE_ALL,${OBJECTS})
+	$(q)rm -rf $(OBJECTS)
 
 realclean: clean
-	$(call SHELL_DELETE,${BINARY})
+	$(q)rm -f $(BINARY)
diff --git a/tools/encrypt_fw/Makefile b/tools/encrypt_fw/Makefile
index 50b0fa2f9..14def1d39 100644
--- a/tools/encrypt_fw/Makefile
+++ b/tools/encrypt_fw/Makefile
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2024, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2024-2025, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
 # Copyright (c) 2019-2022, Linaro Limited. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
@@ -7,13 +7,12 @@
 
 BUILD_INFO	?= 1
 DEBUG		:= 0
-ENCTOOL		?= encrypt_fw${BIN_EXT}
+ENCTOOL		?= encrypt_fw$(.exe)
 BINARY		:= $(notdir ${ENCTOOL})
 OPENSSL_DIR	:= /usr
 
 MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY := ../../make_helpers/
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_macros.mk
-include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_env.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}common.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}defaults.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}toolchain.mk
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ ifeq ($(DEBUG),1)
 endif
 
 clean:
-	$(call SHELL_DELETE_ALL,${OBJECTS})
+	$(q)rm -rf $(OBJECTS)
 
 realclean: clean
-	$(call SHELL_DELETE,${BINARY})
+	$(q)rm -f $(BINARY)
diff --git a/tools/fiptool/Makefile b/tools/fiptool/Makefile
index 54dee87e1..a660a500e 100644
--- a/tools/fiptool/Makefile
+++ b/tools/fiptool/Makefile
@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2014-2024, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2014-2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
 
 MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY := ../../make_helpers/
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_macros.mk
-include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_env.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}common.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}defaults.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}toolchain.mk
 
-FIPTOOL ?= fiptool${BIN_EXT}
+FIPTOOL ?= fiptool$(.exe)
 PROJECT := $(notdir ${FIPTOOL})
 OBJECTS := fiptool.o tbbr_config.o
 STATIC ?= 0
@@ -93,4 +92,4 @@ endif
 endif # STATIC
 
 clean:
-	$(call SHELL_DELETE_ALL, ${PROJECT} ${OBJECTS} $(DEPS))
+	$(q)rm -rf $(PROJECT) $(OBJECTS) $(DEPS)
diff --git a/tools/fiptool/Makefile.msvc b/tools/fiptool/Makefile.msvc
deleted file mode 100644
index 9081bc64c..000000000
--- a/tools/fiptool/Makefile.msvc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (c) 2019-2020, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
-#
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
-#
-
-CC = cl.exe
-LD = link.exe
-
-# FIPTOOLPATH and FIPTOOL are passed from the main makefile.
-
-OBJECTS = $(FIPTOOLPATH)\fiptool.obj     \
-          $(FIPTOOLPATH)\tbbr_config.obj \
-          $(FIPTOOLPATH)\win_posix.obj
-
-INC = -I$(FIPTOOLPATH) -Iinclude\tools_share
-
-CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) /nologo /Za /Zi /c /O2 /MT
-
-all: $(FIPTOOL)
-
-$(FIPTOOL): $(OBJECTS)
-	$(LD) /nologo /INCREMENTAL:NO /debug /nodefaultlib:libc.lib /out:$@ $(LIBS) $**
-
-.PHONY: clean realclean
-
-clean:
-	-@del /f /q $(OBJECTS) > nul
-	-@del /f /q $(FIPTOOLPATH)\*.pdb > nul
-
-realclean:
-	-@del /f /q $(OBJECTS) > nul
-	-@del /f /q $(FIPTOOLPATH)\*.pdb > nul
-	-@del /f /q $(FIPTOOL) > nul
-
-.c.obj:
-	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(INC) $< -Fo$@
diff --git a/tools/nxp/create_pbl/Makefile b/tools/nxp/create_pbl/Makefile
index 22aa921d0..965cc510a 100644
--- a/tools/nxp/create_pbl/Makefile
+++ b/tools/nxp/create_pbl/Makefile
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 #
 # Copyright 2018-2020 NXP
+# Copyright (c) 2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
 
 MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY := ../../../make_helpers/
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_macros.mk
-include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_env.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}common.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}toolchain.mk
 
-PROJECT_1 := create_pbl${BIN_EXT}
+PROJECT_1 := create_pbl$(.exe)
 OBJECTS_1 := create_pbl.o
-PROJECT_2 := byte_swap${BIN_EXT}
+PROJECT_2 := byte_swap$(.exe)
 OBJECTS_2 := byte_swap.o
 
 override CPPFLAGS += -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700
@@ -49,5 +49,5 @@ ${PROJECT_2}: ${OBJECTS_2} Makefile
 	$(q)$(host-cc) -c ${CPPFLAGS} ${CFLAGS} ${INCLUDE_PATHS} $< -o $@
 
 clean:
-	$(call SHELL_DELETE_ALL, ${PROJECT_1} ${OBJECTS_1})
-	$(call SHELL_DELETE_ALL, ${PROJECT_2} ${OBJECTS_2})
+	$(q)rm -rf $(PROJECT_1) $(OBJECTS_1)
+	$(q)rm -rf $(PROJECT_2) $(OBJECTS_2)
diff --git a/tools/nxp/create_pbl/create_pbl.mk b/tools/nxp/create_pbl/create_pbl.mk
index 305c049d9..81f6d13aa 100644
--- a/tools/nxp/create_pbl/create_pbl.mk
+++ b/tools/nxp/create_pbl/create_pbl.mk
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 #
 # Copyright 2018-2020 NXP
+# Copyright (c) 2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
 #
 
-CREATE_PBL	?=	${CREATE_PBL_TOOL_PATH}/create_pbl${BIN_EXT}
-BYTE_SWAP	?=	${CREATE_PBL_TOOL_PATH}/byte_swap${BIN_EXT}
+CREATE_PBL	?=	${CREATE_PBL_TOOL_PATH}/create_pbl$(.exe)
+BYTE_SWAP	?=	${CREATE_PBL_TOOL_PATH}/byte_swap$(.exe)
 
 HOST_GCC	:= gcc
 
diff --git a/tools/nxp/create_pbl/pbl_ch2.mk b/tools/nxp/create_pbl/pbl_ch2.mk
index bf05a12d9..47ff8922c 100644
--- a/tools/nxp/create_pbl/pbl_ch2.mk
+++ b/tools/nxp/create_pbl/pbl_ch2.mk
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 #
 # Copyright 2020 NXP
+# Copyright (c) 2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
 #
 
-CREATE_PBL	?=	${CREATE_PBL_TOOL_PATH}/create_pbl${BIN_EXT}
-BYTE_SWAP	?=	${CREATE_PBL_TOOL_PATH}/byte_swap${BIN_EXT}
+CREATE_PBL	?=	${CREATE_PBL_TOOL_PATH}/create_pbl$(.exe)
+BYTE_SWAP	?=	${CREATE_PBL_TOOL_PATH}/byte_swap$(.exe)
 
 HOST_GCC	:= gcc
 
diff --git a/tools/nxp/create_pbl/pbl_ch3.mk b/tools/nxp/create_pbl/pbl_ch3.mk
index 15129e40c..f5d42cdbe 100644
--- a/tools/nxp/create_pbl/pbl_ch3.mk
+++ b/tools/nxp/create_pbl/pbl_ch3.mk
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 #
 # Copyright 2018-2022 NXP
+# Copyright (c) 2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
 #
 SHELL=/bin/bash
 
-CREATE_PBL	?=	${CREATE_PBL_TOOL_PATH}/create_pbl${BIN_EXT}
-BYTE_SWAP	?=	${CREATE_PBL_TOOL_PATH}/byte_swap${BIN_EXT}
+CREATE_PBL	?=	${CREATE_PBL_TOOL_PATH}/create_pbl$(.exe)
+BYTE_SWAP	?=	${CREATE_PBL_TOOL_PATH}/byte_swap$(.exe)
 
 HOST_GCC	:= gcc
 
diff --git a/tools/sptool/Makefile b/tools/sptool/Makefile
index 0da5c09c3..f579a42eb 100644
--- a/tools/sptool/Makefile
+++ b/tools/sptool/Makefile
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2018-2024, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2018-2025, Arm Limited. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
 
 MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY := ../../make_helpers/
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_macros.mk
-include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_env.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}common.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}toolchain.mk
 
-SPTOOL  ?= sptool${BIN_EXT}
+SPTOOL  ?= sptool$(.exe)
 PROJECT := $(notdir ${SPTOOL})
 OBJECTS := sptool.o
 
@@ -40,4 +39,4 @@ ${PROJECT}: ${OBJECTS} Makefile
 	$(q)$(host-cc) -c ${CPPFLAGS} ${HOSTCCFLAGS} ${INCLUDE_PATHS} $< -o $@
 
 clean:
-	$(call SHELL_DELETE_ALL, ${PROJECT} ${OBJECTS})
+	$(q)rm -rf $(PROJECT) $(OBJECTS)
diff --git a/tools/stm32image/Makefile b/tools/stm32image/Makefile
index 453daaeba..64b6ccfab 100644
--- a/tools/stm32image/Makefile
+++ b/tools/stm32image/Makefile
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 #
-# Copyright (c) 2017-2024, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
+# Copyright (c) 2017-2025, Arm Limited and Contributors. All rights reserved.
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
 #
 
 MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY := ../../make_helpers/
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_macros.mk
-include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}build_env.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}common.mk
 include ${MAKE_HELPERS_DIRECTORY}toolchain.mk
 
-PROJECT := stm32image${BIN_EXT}
+PROJECT := stm32image$(.exe)
 OBJECTS := stm32image.o
 
 HOSTCCFLAGS := -Wall -Werror -pedantic -std=c99 -D_GNU_SOURCE
@@ -37,6 +36,6 @@ ${PROJECT}: ${OBJECTS} Makefile
 	$(q)$(host-cc) -c ${HOSTCCFLAGS} $< -o $@
 
 clean:
-	$(call SHELL_DELETE_ALL, ${PROJECT} ${OBJECTS})
+	$(q)rm -rf $(PROJECT) $(OBJECTS)
 
 distclean: clean